Kenevir THC – Tetraidrocannabinolo

Türkiye’de 2005 yılında tohum ve lif için ekilen kenevir alanları 65’şer hektar iken, 2014 yılında 1 hektara kadar düşmüştür.

Türkiye’de kenevir, 2019 yılında düzenlenen “Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sisteminde Yerel Yönetimler Sempozyumunda” yeniden gündeme gelmiş ve “Türkiye’de Endüstriyel Kenevir Yetiştiriciliği Raporu ve Eylem Planı” hazırlanmıştır.

Eylem Planının uygulamaya konulmasıyla 2018 yılında 5.9 hektar olan tohum üretim alanları 2019 yılında 53.6 hektara, kenevir lif alanları ise 5.5 hektardan 16 hektara yükselmiştir.

Türkiye’nin hazırladığı eylem raporunda ön plana çıkan konular;

• THC oranı düşük, lif ve tohum verimi yüksek yerli çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi ve tescili,
• kenevire dayalı sanayinin ve mekanizasyon sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve
• öncelikli yatırım alanlarının belirlenmesi şeklindedir.

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1451427

Kenevir ile ilgili THC ile ilgili medikal bir proje geliştirelim.

THC lisansı ne tam olarak.

Türkiye’de Kenevir (THC, CBD) bazlı medikal yatırımı.

THC

2018 Tarımsal İyileştirme Yasası keneviri yasallaştırırken, yasal statüyü CBD özütlerine açıkça genişletmedi, bu da yasal bir gri alanla sonuçlanırken FDA, faydasını ek olarak değerlendirdi. Bu, CBD ürünlerini eyalet sınırları arasında dağıtmanın yasa dışı olduğu anlamına gelirken, birçok eyalet CBD takviyelerini yasallaştıran özel hükümler koymuştur. Yasallık sorularına rağmen, CBD eğlence ve Tıbbi kenevir dışında milyar dolarlık bir endüstri haline geldi.

ABD de 2018 mevzuatı ile yasallaştırılan cannabis sativa bitkisinin (ENDÜSTRİYEL ismi ile zikrettiğimiz) kenevir çeşitleri, yüksek konsantrasyonlarda kannabidiol ve marihuanada bulunan düşük konsantrasyonlarda psikoaktif tetrahidrokannabinol (THC) içerir ve yasal kenevir ürünleri için yüzde 0,3 THC konsantrasyonu üst sınırı bir ölçü birimi olarak konmuş olup henüz gri alanlar netleşmez iken siyah alan ve veya kara liste alanlar daha da ortada gri olmuş olup, ENDÜSTRİYEL kenevir ileri yönlü ciddi büyüme sağlayacaktır.

THC = CBD

Kenevirdeki esas önemli madde THC, Medikal kullanımı var son derece pahalı. Yani Kenevirden tekstil yapmak Kenevirden kağıt yapmak değerli konular değil esas önemli olan bu THC’yi çıkarmak.

Dişi kenevirin yasaklanması için neden olarak gösterilen bitkinin goncalı üst kısımlarında yoğun olarak bulunan tetra-hidro-kanabinol (THC) maddesi insanlık var olalı beri “esrar” olarak kullanılmıştır ve Tıbbi kullanımlarının olduğunu gösteren bilimsel dergilerde yayınlanmış birçok araştırma vardır. Günümüzde Hollanda’da kullanımı, yetiştirilmesi serbestleştirilmiştir. Kanada kenevir yetiştirilmesi, işlenmesi ve satışını 7 Haziran 2018’de yasallaştı [1] ve bu kanun 17 Ekim 2018 tarihinde yürürlüğe girdi.

Farklı sektörlerde 50 bin çeşide varan üretim yelpazesi olan kenevir, İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi’nde düzenlenen 2’nci Endüstriyel Kenevir Forumu’nda ele alındı. Endüstriyel kenevir üzerinden yürüyen küresel algı yönetimi ve endüstriyel kenevirin ekonomik açıdan taşıdığı mevcut potansiyelin konuşulduğu forumda, son bir yıl içinde yaşanan gelişmeler ve atılan somut adımlar değerlendirildi.

“Yasaklı olan dişi kenevir”: Halkın, kenevirin yasaklı olduğuna dair yanlış bir bilgiye sahip olduğunu belirten kenevir araştırmacısı ve yazar Dr. İsmail Tokalak, “Yasaklı olan dişi kenevir. Bu dünyanın her yerinde yasaklı. Fakat bu, Türkiye’ye milyarlarca dolar getirecek ürün. Bununla 50 binden fazla sanayi ürünü üretiyorsunuz. Türkiye’nin önünü açmak ve Türkiye’yi kurtarmak için bulunmaz bir fırsattır” dedi. İsmail Tokalak

Doğanın bir parçası olan bir bitkinin bu denli denetim altında tutulmasının nedeni ise, içerdiği bir maddeden kaynaklanıyor: THC (tetraidrocannabinolo)… Doğal kenevir az miktarda THC içeriyor ve bu nedenle de asla uyuşturucuya dönüştürülemiyor. Yeşil Hazine: Kenevir 

Öte yandan, Avrupa Birliği, 1989’da bu çok tartışılan bitkiye kendi üslubuyla onay verdi. Kenevir bitkisinin içerdiği ve uyuşturucuya dönüştürülmesini sağlayan THC maddesinin oranı %0,3’ün altında (marihuanada ise %7,8 civarında) bulunacaktı. Bugün ise kenevirin durumu bir hayli farklı: 1996’da yeryüzünde 13.722 hektarlık alanda yetiştirilirken, günümüzde 22.850 hektarlık alanda üretiliyor.

Kenevirin katkıda bulunduğu ürünlerin başında kâğıt ve yağ geliyor. Avustralya’da sabun, şampuan ve hatta vücut şampuanına kadar çeşitli ürünlerin içeriğinde rastlamak mümkün. Kenevir konusunda lider ülke olan Fransa’da, THC maddesi 0,1 ve 0,2 oranında olmak üzere 10.900 hektarlık bir alanda kenevir yetiştiriliyor. Ülkedeki “Le Mans la federation nationale du chanvre” adlı kuruluş, kenevir bitkisiyle ilgili araştırmalara yer veriyor. Yeşil Hazine: Kenevir 

Deney tüpünün içindeki bir kenevir yaprağı. Araştırmalarına göre, kenevir bitkisinin içeriğindeki THC maddesi, AIDS’li ve kanserli hastaların tedavisinde kullanılabilir. Yeşil Hazine: Kenevir 

İsrailli kimya profesörü Raphel Mechoulam’ın 1964’te keşfettiği THC, yani tetraidcannabinolo, kenevirin içerdiği en önemli maddelerden biri. Uzmanların belirttiğine göre, THC, AIDS’li ve kanserli hastaların iştahını açmak için kullanılıyor. Yapılan bir araştırmada, kemoterapi tedavisine geçilmeden önce, THC takviyesi alan kanserli çocuk hastalarda, mide bulantısına rastlanmadığı ortaya çıktı. Dahası da var. Bir başka araştırmada, çocukluğunda beyin felci geçirmiş iki hastaya sentetik THC hapları verildi. Bir süre sonra, hastaların ağrılarının azaldığı, hareket yeteneklerinin geliştiği ve ağrı kesici hap kullanımında azalma görüldüğü kaydedildi. Yeşil Hazine: Kenevir 

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Kültürü Halk ile Birlikte Çoğaltmak

Mart 2022. Hazırlayan: Levent Ağaoğlu www.booksonturkey.com

TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ’NİN TEMELİ KÜLTÜRDÜR. MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK 1936

Millet bahçelerinden daha büyük proje bu.

81 ilde Kültür Bahçeleri.

Vizyon projesidir.

Halka dönük olmalı, halk işin içinde olmalı

Sûfîyem halk içinde tesbîh elümden gitmez

Dilüm ma’rifet söyler gönlüm hîç kabûl itmez

                          Yûnus Emre Dîvânı 117.1

103 yazıtta en çok kullanılan kelime:  Budun (Halk).

Deha Halktadır

(Ziya Gökalp)

Bir iklimin manzarası, mimarisi ve halkı arasında halis ve tam bir ahenk varsa, orada, gözlere bir vatan tablosu görünür.

Yahya Kemal Beyatlı

Halk; ilham kaynağımızdır. Halk ve Hak kavramları iç içedir. Hakkın sesidir; Halk. Vicdandır. Yıkılmazdır.

Ziya Gökalp’in keşfettiği deha ve halk ilişkisi, artık bizlere çok uzak. Fakat yine de Ziya Gökalp felsefecilere halk kavramı için bir giriş kapısı aralamış. Bu tarafı sevindirici.

Düşünce hayatımızın türküler boyutu memur değil halk temelinde.

“Budun da Budun boldı” (Halk da halk oldu).

Tonyukuk Yazıtı 

Türklerde ilk kez Tonyukuk Yazıtında (MS.720) dile getirilen “Budun da Budun boldı” (Halk da halk oldu)  tabiri ise halkın nasıl da olması gereken yere yükseltildiğinin ilk örneğini göstermekte idi. Türkler ıssız ve susuz bozkırların biçimlendirdiği zorlu hayat şartlarında yaşadıklarını, meydana getirdiklerini (kültür, dil, devletler. vb) hep bir insani dayanışma mücadelesi ile ortaya koydular.  Türklerin Yaratılış Destanı ve Oğuz Kağan Destanında da aslolan tüm evrensel gerçekliği ile İnsan idi.

Halk tarafından bilge sıfatı ile onurlandırılan Tonyukuk, ilk yazılı eserimizi bir anıt şeklinde sonsuzluğa ulaştırarak, bilgeliğin gereğinin yazı ve dil olduğunu göstermiştir.

Halk tarafından bilge sıfatı ile onurlandırılan Tonyukuk, ilk yazılı eserimizi bir anıt şeklinde sonsuzluğa ulaştırarak, bilgeliğin gereğinin yazı ve dil olduğunu göstermiştir. İlk yazarımız olan Tonyukuk’un aynı zamanda ilk Türk tabirini yazıtında kullanan kişi de olması, kimliğinin en önemli boyutunun dil olduğunu da belgelemektedir.

Bilgili kişi bilgiç de olabilir bilge de. Sadece bilgi tek başına yeterli değildir demek. İlk yazarımızı, dönemin Türk halkı bilge olarak onurlandırmıştır.  Yazmak bir bilgeliktir. Bilgelik ise bir güçtür ve Türk aklının özünü oluşturmuştur. Aklımızın kendine özgülüğü ise dilimizin özgünlüğünün geliştirilmesi ile ilgilidir. Fikir ve İş ancak Dil üzerinde temellenmektedir.

Millet Bahçeleri

https://milletbahceleri.gov.tr/bahce/istanbul-fatih-millet-bahcesi

Edebiyat Festivali için Millet Bahçeleri de uygun mekanlar. Açık hava, yeşillik.

Böylece Millet Bahçeleri de işlevsel hale gelir.

https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/mpgm/editordosya/milletbahcesirehber.pdf

Ya da Kültür-Sanat-Edebiyat Bahçeleri konsepti kapsamında açık hava bahçeleri yapılır.,

Festivaller Takvimi

https://resmitatiller.net/festivaller-takvimi/

Kültür Bahçeleri

Ülkemizde kurucu Atatürk tarafından cumhuriyetin temelinde yer aldığı ifade edilen kültür dar alanları sıkışmış ve halka mal olmamış bir durumdadır. Konuşulan Kültür Merkezleridir.  Kültür ise merkez olarak tanımlanabilecek bir gerçeklik değildir.  Kültürün, merkez kültürünün, temellere inebilmesi için, kapalı alan merkezlerden, kapalı alanlardan çıkarak açık alanlara taşınması gereklidir. Dört duvarlarla kapalı alanlar iletişimi sınırlamaktadır.

Açık alanların getirdiği enerji ve halkın tüm kesimlerinin genci, yaşlı, işçisi, emeklisi, yazarları, kültür insanları, sanatçıların tümünün katılımıyla gerçekleştirilecek açık havada bahar ve yaz aylarında gerçekleştirilecek Kültür festivali, edebiyat festivali ile yerel halkı bir araya getirerek tüm kesimleri bir araya getirerek birleştirecektir. Nasıl ki kültür kelimesinin temelinde yer alan tarım ve ziraat açık alanlarda yapılmakta ise, aynı şekilde açık alanlarda gerçekleştirilecek kültürel faaliyetlerle, halkın enerjisinin yaratacağı iletişim gücü ve oksijenli ortamların getireceği yoğun düşünme gücü sayesinde ülkemiz büyük bir devrimi gerçekleştirecekler.

lham aldığımız örnek Hindistan‘ın Jaipur kentinde 2006 yılından bu yana 15 yılı aşkın şekilde gerçekleştirilen Jaipur Edebiyat Festivali de bu festivale dünyanın dört bir yanından da turistler, kültür insanları, sanat insanları gelmektedir, çünkü Jaipur aynı zamanda Hindistan‘ın en turistik bölgesidir. Ülkemizde bu manadaki turistik mekânlar ise Hindistan’dan kat kat fazladır. Bu alanların, turistik merkez alanlarının, Kültür Bahçeleri ile şenlendirmesi ve bu şekilde kültürün halk ile birlikte paylaşılması ülkemizde kültürel eserler üretimini ve düşünce gücünü yükseklere çıkartacaktır.

Sağlık alanında, merkezi randevu sistemi ve 112 acil servis uygulamaları ile sağlanan hizmetlerin halka yaygınlaştırılması uygulaması bu kez kültür alanında gerçekleştirilecektir. Nasıl ki sağlık hizmetlerinin merkezinde hastaneler yer almakta ise kültür hizmetlerinin merkezinde yer alacak olan Kültür Bahçeleri ile Millet Bahçeleri örneğinde olduğu gibi, halkımıza yeni doğal mekânlar kazandırılacaktır.

Önemli olan kültür için gerekli etkileşim ortam ve mekânlarının yaratılmasıdır. Söz konusu yoğun etkileşimler de esas olan, ihtiyaç olan enerjidir. Bu enerji de insanların bir araya gelişlerinin her kesimden insanların bir araya gelişlerinin yarattığı bir doğal enerji ve canlılıktır. Kültür faaliyetlerinin sadece belli kesimlerle sınırlandırılması, kültür insanlarını da halkın enerjisinden mahrum bırakmaktadır, bu mahrumiyetin kaldırılması gerekmektedir.

Her yerde yazarım. Sokak Otobüs Minibüs.

Halkın enerjisi müthiştir

Dil halkın malıdır

O halde halkla olmalı, özellikle şiir için öyle olmalı diye düşünüyorum ilham geldiğinde.

İlhamın kaynağı Hak ve Halk

Halkın içinde yazmak güç veriyor

Halka dalkavuk olunmaz. Olunması samimilik değildir. Ama; Halk baştacıdır. Kaynaktır

Halkın kesintisiz gücü DİL’de birikir. Özellikle Türklerde, çünkü söz dilidir.

DİL bilinçten çıkıyor, dili değişik stratejilerle bozmaya çalışmak bozmak halkın bilincini bulandırma, uyuşturma, eski ile bağını koparma çabaları. Sözdili özelliği o çabaları boşa çıkartır

Türk kültürünün en önemli unsuru olan Türk dili sözlü yapıda olduğu için halk tarafından yaratılmıştır. Burada özellikle türküler bu kültürün ana taşıyıcılarıdır. Kültürün içinden halkı çıkartıp kültürü yaratanlar arasından halkı çıkartıp onun yerine sadece aydın ve entelektüelleri kültür yaratıcısı olarak değerlendirmek neticesinde bugünlere gelinmiş ve kültürümüz kısırlaşmıştır. Bu kısırlığı aşmanın en önemli yolu 15 yıldır Hindistan‘da Jaipur bedelsiz edebiyat festivalinde olduğu gibi halkı kültür yaratıcılarının içerisine çekmek ve bu şekilde kültürü yeniden üretmektir.

Türkiye’de halk zaten bu konularda çekingendir kendisine sorulmayınca zaten konuşmamaktadır, kültürün ana yaratıcısı olduğu halde oyun dışıdır. “Balık suda yaşar” misali kültür de halkın sesi, sözü, nefesi olmadan yaratılamayacaktır. Yaratılan ise bir öykünmedir, taklittir.

Türkiye’de üretilen eserlerin %70-80’i tercümedir, telif eserler değildir, çünkü telif eser yaratabilmek için halk kaynağından beslenmek, halk ile etkileşim ve iletişim içinde bulunmak gerekmektedir. Bu geleneğin en kestirme yolu Kültür Bahçelerinde gerçekleştirilecek etkinliklerdir, bu anlamda Yeni Delhi Kültür Müşavirliğimiz kanalıyla Jaipur Edebiyat Festivali konusunda edinilecek bilgiler ve belgeler son derece yararlı olacaktır.

Jaipur Edebiyat Festivali

Jaipur Edebiyat Festivali yıllardır açık alanlarda düzenleniyormuş. İzliyorum. İnsan başka insanlarla var olabiliyor. Bu duyguyu edebiyatla yaşatmaları ne güzel. İmrendim açıkçası. Edebiyat bir festivaldir. İçe yönelen dışa da açılmalı.

Jaipur ayrıca ülkenin her yerinden yazarların ve edebiyat severlerin katıldığı dünyanın en büyük ücretsiz edebiyat festivali olan Jaipur Edebiyat Festivali ile ünlüdür.

Son yolladığım fotoğraf.

Halk kalabalığını görüyor musunuz.

Yaşlı genç öğrenci hepsi iç içe.

Halkın Yaratıcılığı

Halk bir ülkenin, bir devletin dinamosudur ve dünyanın her noktasında halklar kendi becerileri, kendi duyguları, kendi hayal güçleriyle canlı bir kültür geliştirmişlerdir. Halk hikâyeleri, halk masalları, halk türküleri, halkın yaşamı üzerindeki bilgece kısa anektodlardır ve kişiye bir aydınlanma ve bir zihin açıklığını kazandırmaktadır.

Halk bir ülkenin, bir devletin, emniyetidir. Halk aynı zamanda cefa çeken ve üretendir, canını ortaya koyan, kendi can sıkıntılarından çıkabilmek için harika masallar, maniler, oyunlar yaratandır. Halkın bilgece bir duruşu vardır.

Kültür, ekonomi, siyaseti halk kendi içinde kurar, adaleti de halk kendi içinde geliştirir kurar, vicdanı da halk kendi içinde geliştirir, aynı zamanda halk kendi içindeki bütün yaratıcı dinamiklerini ortaya çıkarmıştır, bunlar eski yazıtlara kadar gider ve bunların alt dinamiğinde masallar yatar, tabii ki masallar yol göstericilik işlevini de üstlenirler.  Düşünceyi ortaya çıkaran ve geliştiren masallar, maniler ve destanlar, halkın ruhunu ve yaşadıklarını ortaya koyar. Dil ve mitoloji masallarda yaşamaktadır. Halk kendi düşüncelerini, duygularını, nasıl bir gelecek düşlediğini, nasıl bir hayat yaşamak istediğini, bunları masallarda ortaya koyar.

Halk olmadan hiçbir sanat, hiçbir edebiyat, hiçbir müzik geliştirilemez. Arkeoloji ve Antropoloji bilimlerinin katkıları çok önemlidir. Kalıntılar ve insanın kökenini ortaya koyan temel bilgiler bizlere ışık tutacaktır.  Halkın kendi inşa ettiği değerlerden mimari de böyledir. Halkın oturup kalktığı mekânlar, oyun ve eğlence alanlarını da çok iyi örneklendirebiliriz. Mesela hamamlar, halkın bir arada yıkanırken ve temizlenirken de orada kendi aralarında muhabbetleri geliştirdiği ve temizlenme içerisinde aynı zamanda oradaki kendi arasındaki ilişki de bir şekilde yeniden temizlendiği tarihi mekânlardır. Türkiye’nin en eski şirketi 1584 tarihli Çemberlitaş Hamamı’dır.

Halk kavramı tarihsel bir kavramdır ve millet kavramından önce gelmektedir. Halk hep var olmuştur, sosyolojik oluşum ve kültürünü, aynı zamanda dilini, masallarla, destanlarla, türküler ve halk oyunları ile ortaya koymuştur.  Millet kavramı ise değişkendir ve değişebilir, halk milletin daha öncesinden vardır ve hep var olacaktır. Halk kavramı insanlığın başlangıcından buyana mevcut iken, millet kavramı ise kapitalizmin kendisine yarattığı sınırları belirlenmiş bir  pazar gerçekliğidir.

Halk her zaman yerlidir, kök bir gerçektir, oluşumdur.  Amerikan kıtasında ilk olarak halk vardır ama Kızılderili halkının üzerine işgalci olarak gelen bir millet kavramı üzerinden, müthiş bir soykırım yapılmış  ve halk soykırım ile yok edilmiş, bitirilmiştir. Düşler kuran, üreten ve yöneten halktır.  Bütün destanları, şiirlerini kendi  bağrından çıkarmış ve üretmiştir. Halk coğrafyanın ruhudur, coğrafyanın  kendine has  değerleri ile kendisini taşımıştır.

İşgal esnasında Anadolu halkının verdiği cesur mücadeleler sonucunda elde edilen zaferin büyüklüğü dünya halklarına da örnek olmuştur. Halk, hayatın ta kendisidir, her sabah yeniden doğmakta ve yenilenmektedir.

Halk, tarihsel bir kavramdır. Özellikle de Meksika’da halkın tarihsel derinliği ve  değeri son derece etkileyici bir içeriğe sahiptir. Kızılderililer, İnkalar, Aztekler Amerika kıtasının en köklü ve en yerli halklarıdır. Doğu toplumlarının masalları, destanları, doğu düşüncesindeki felsefi anlatılar batı  düşüncesinin de temelini oluşturmuşlardır, Goethe ve Friedrich Nietzsche bu konuda en bilinen örneklerdir. Özellikle Alman felsefe geleneği Hind felsefesinden beslenmiştir.

Mevlana, Yunus, Köroğlu, Pir Sultan Abdal, Dadaloğöu, Âşık Veysel, Neşet Ertaş halkın içinden çıktılar, halk filozofları oldular.  Orta Anadolu  türküleri  ve müzik geleneğinin kökleri Orta Asya’da halkın geliştirdiği düşünceler ve sanatlarla ilişkilidir. Doğaçlama anlatımı ile sürekli filozofik bilgelikler dile getirilmektedir.

Elitler tabakası halkın üzerinde bir egemenlik inşa etmiş, bir seçkinler kadrosu devlette iş başına gelmişler ve halkı da kişiliksiz bir konuma indirmişlerdir. Tabii ki halk devleti kurandır, can verendir ve devletin kendisinin bütün temel ve ihtiyaçlarını karşılaması, devleti de hareket içerisine çekmiştir, devlet her şeyin üstünde değildir, devlet halkına hesap verme, insanlara imkânlar yaratma durumundadır. Devlet halkına hizmet eden bir yapıdır.

Türkler, yazıtları ile binlerce yıl ötesinden insanları, halkı baştacı ederek çok mühim bir mesaj verdiler. Batıcı aydınlar ise halka eğitim yolu ile ideoloji aktarma yolunda olmuşlardır. Batı aydınlanması bütün elitler tabakasını etkisi altına almıştır. Aydınlar senelerdir bir bozkır tezenesi dinlemezler. Bozlaklar bir destandır halkın kendi yaşadığı acılar ile beslenen. Uzun uzun acıları dile getiren, çok acılı bir aşk hikâyesi, açlığı, sefaleti, anlatan. Yaşar Kemal’in romanları da Çukurova’da çekilen acıları, acımasız sömürüyü,  aşağılamayı, halkın çektiği derin acıları anlatmaktadır.

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Batı ve doğu kültürünün kültürel stilleri ve imgeleri, Türk şehirlerinin ve antik kentlerinin mimari mirasında da yer almaktadır. Çin porselenlerinde en zengin koleksiyon Topkapı Sarayı İstanbul Türkiye’de bulunmaktadır.

Hitit imparatorluğu, Doğu Roma imparatorluğu, Asur imparatorluğu, SELÇUK imparatorluğu, Osmanlı imparatorluğu, Büyük İskender imparatorluğu ve Anadolu’daki çeşitli antik uygarlıklar ve İmparatorluktan hemen önceki Türk devletleri gibi tüm bu imparatorlukların ve devletlerin kültürde, mimaride ve sanatta izleri vardır.

Eksik olan British Museum örneğinde olduğu gibi bir Türk müzesi görünür hale gelirse tüm bu mirasları tek bir müze ortamında izleyebiliriz.

İngiltere dünyadan toparladığı arkeolojik belgeleri THE BRITISH MUSEUM bünyesinde sergileyerek turistleri Londra’ya çekmektedir.

Ülkemizde ise üç kıtaya yayılmış binlerce yıllık mevcudiyetimize karşın binlerce yıllık geçmişimizin arkeolojik eserleri çok sayıda müzelere dağılmış vaziyettedir. İngiltere örneğinde olduğu gibi devasa bir yapının TÜRK MÜZESİ (THE TURKISH MUSEUM) olarak yeniden değerlendirilerek müzelerdeki eserlerin üç kıtadaki medeniyetimizi tek bir yapıda değerlendirilmesi, ayrıca 16 devletimizle ilgili arkeolojik eserlerin tek bir mekanda toplanmasını ve yeni kazılarla desteklenmesini mümkün kılacaktır.

Dünyanın en büyük müzesi TÜRKİYE

Göbeklitepe – Müze Ziyaretçisi 1. Bölüm | NTV Belgesel

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Bergama (Pergamon) – Müze Ziyaretçisi 6. Bölüm | NTV Belgesel

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$5.99 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

2000 Most Common Turkish Words in Context: Get Fluent & Increase Your Turkish Vocabulary with 2000 Turkish Phrases (Turkish Language Lessons)

(435244)

$8.49 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

High Albania

(435266)

$0.99 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

*******************************

( D-630+ )

 

DAVA

DEVLET

DİL

DİN

DÜŞÜNCE

DIŞ DÜNYA

DİJİTAL ÇAĞ

*******************************

DAVA: Türk Mefkuresi

DEVLET: Türk Devletler Teşkilatı

DİL: Türkofon Uluslar Topluluğu

DİN: 7 Din Tek Millet

DÜŞÜNCE&KÜLTÜR: Bilgelik

DIŞ DÜNYA&İHRACAT: Tek Pazar

DİJİTAL ÇAĞ: Yazılım Dili Türkçe

*******************************

DAVA

• TÜRK AYDINLANMASI
• DÜNYA TÜRKLÜĞÜ&TÜRK DÜNYASI VİZYONU
• TÜRK KATLİAMLARI VE KARŞITLIĞI/NEFRETİ
• MEDENİYET&KÜLTÜR MİRASIMIZ
• İSTANBUL

DEVLET

• ATATÜRK
• TONYUKUK
• TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ
• TÜRK ORDUSU
• ROMA/RUMİ AKIL
• EKONOMİ
• KENEVİR
• RANTLAR
• MADENLER

DİL

• DİL&TÜRKÇE

DİN

• TÜRKLERİN DİNLERİ

DÜŞÜNCE

• BİLGELİK
• DÜŞÜNCE GÜCÜ
• DÜŞÜNÜRLER
• EĞİTİM
• KÜTÜPHANELER&OKUMA SALONLARI
• EDEBİYAT&SANAT

DIŞ DÜNYA

• KITALAR
• AFRİKA
• AVRASYA
• AVRUPA
• ASYA-PASİFİK
• AMERİKALAR
• BÜYÜK AKDENİZ BİRLİĞİ
• BOP PROJESİ
• KIBRIS
• HİNDİSTAN
• TİCARET YOLLARI
• MEDYA

DİJİTAL ÇAĞ

*********************************************

Istanbul, City map 1:10.000, City Pocket map + The Big Five

(42515)

$17.43 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul For First Timers: A Local's Travel Guide To Turkiye's Hidden Gems and Culture

(45534)

$4.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia (Rick Steves Travel Guide)

$22.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul: Discover Twice the City in Half the Time | Top Sights | Maps & Walking Tours | Covers Sultanahmet & Sirkeci, Bazaar ... & Western Districts and more (Pocket Guide)

(44541)

$12.48 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Crescent & Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

(455217)

$2.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

ISTANBUL TRAVEL GUIDE (TRAVELLING AND HIKING GUIDE BOOKS Book 31)

$3.00 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

(485156)

$8.97 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Mini Rough Guide to Istanbul and the Aegean Coast: Travel Guide with eBook

(46530)

$6.47 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

(43538)

$7.31 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

After Happy Ever After: He thinks it's a normal holiday to Istanbul, she has other plans. (Adam's Adventures Book 4)

(435463)

$5.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire

(425477)

$8.49 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Lonely Planet Turkish Phrasebook & Dictionary

(42516)

$7.67 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Idiot: A Novel

(3855533)

$8.94 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul: City of Majesty at the Crossroads of the World

(465503)

$7.99 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Türkiye (Turkey) Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3018)

(455110)

$7.22 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Shadow of the Silk Road: A 7,000-Mile Journey Through Central Asia―Trade, Religions, and Ideas from China to Turkey (P.S.)

(425665)

$1.85 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul: Memories and the City (Vintage International)

(415966)

$13.28 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

(485156)

$8.97 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Amazing Mrs. Pollifax (Mrs. Pollifax Series Book 2)

(4653797)

$5.99 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)

(45568)

$19.10 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

 Evlâd-ı Fâtihân ana babanın evlâdı olarak Fâtih’te, Vakıf Gureba’da doğdu (1958), “Pâyidâr ol evlâdım” diyen büyüklerinin ellerini öperek Mutemet Sokak’da ve Akşemsettin’de büyüdü. Payitaht bir başka idi. Sultan Fâtih Mehmed’in Tuğrasına nakşettiği tavır ve kararlılıkta olmayı seviyor: Hep daim. Her daim.

1983 yılından buyana ihracat profesyoneli olarak çalışan Levent Ağaoğlu, 1997-2001 yılları arasında Hong Kong’da yaşadı; yaklaşan Büyük Asya Yüzyılı’nın ayak seslerini duydu hep.

İsmail Gaspıralı’nın “Dil’de, Fikir’de; İş’te Birlik” idealinin peşinde koşarak Türk Evi, Tefekkür, Teşebbüs kitap serileri üzerinde çalışıyor; mütefekkirâne ve müteşebbis gözlem ve birikimlerini yazıya geçiriyor. Tarihin sanıldığının aksine bir tekerrür değil, tefekkür için ana bir kaynak olduğu düşüncesi ile zaman-zemin-zihin boyutuna odaklanmayı ilke edinmiş.

Levent Ağaoğlu, fikir üreterek teşebbüse geçmeyi ilke edinmiş şiir sevdalısı bir şair-düşünür. Düşünce eyleminin özündeki düş boyutunun olmazsa olmaz niteliğini önemsiyor; düşünce gücünü hayal gücü ile zenginleştirmeyi, çeşitlendirmeyi seviyor. Ayasofya ile Kutadgu Bilig’in sözlük anlamlarındaki ay­nılıktan bir AğaSofya düşüncesi geliştirmeye gönül vermiş. Fikir ile yatıp şiir ile kalkmayı seviyor.

Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi (1980) mezunu. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Kamu Politikaları ve Kamu Yöneticiliği Bölümünde Yüksek Lisans çalışmasını tamamladı (1986). Levent Ağaoğlu, İngilizce ve Çince biliyor.

Aslolan kendimiz olabilmektir. “Düşünce Gücü”.

“Akdeniz’e bir kısrak başı gibi uzanan” Türkiye ve vahaların çevrelediği Türkistan’ın oluşturduğu Büyük Akdeniz bütünlüğündeki Levend’âne şiirselliğin peşi sıra arayışlara giriyor.

Kitapları:

• Kıbrıs-Afrin Hattı (Hiperkitap, Mayıs 2018)
• Kıbrıs Dünyanın Merkezidir (Hiper Kitap, Temmuz 2018)
• Düşünce Sizsiniz, Girdap Kitap (Prof. Dr. İsmail Hakkı Aydın ile söyleşi, 2018)
• Levendname, Şiiirler. (Aktif Yayın, 2022)

Web:

• https://www.agaoglulevent.com/
• https://www.booksonturkey.com/
• https://www.avrasyaturk.com/
• http://leventagaoglu.blogspot.com.tr/

KALEM VE KILIÇLARIN EFENDİSİ

BİLGE TONYUKUK

Birinci Kitap (Zaman)

İçindekiler

•  Haritalar
• Tablolar
• Önsöz
• Giriş

YÖNTEM: Üç Boyutlu Tonyukuk

•  Zaman. Zemin. Zihin-Zat
• Türk İnsanı’nın Ruhu
• Türk Bilgelik Döngüsü

 TONYUKUK VE ZAMAN BOYUTU

• Kimlik
• Kişilik
• Kaçan
• Kon
• Kadim Devlet Adamı
• Katkısı
• Kendisi
• Kültürü
• Küç (Güç) ve Kurtuluş

 KAMU (Toplum) (Halk. Bodun. Devlet. Millet. Bağımsızlık)

• Tonyukuk: Anlatı Bilgesi
• Türkiye İlk 10 Kavram: Halk
• “Budun Da Budun Boldı”: “Devlet de Devlet oldu, Millet de Millet oldu”
• Tonyukuk Yazıtında Devlet ve Millet
• İl (Devlet)’deki Dil
• Anayasa
• Bilge Tonyukuk Yazıtı’ndan (720) Mehmet Akif Ersoy’a (1873-1936) İstiklâl (Bağımsızlık) Düşüncesi ve Vurgusu
• İş’de Birlik ve İş Ocağı
• Tonyukuk Yazıtında Türk

KÖK (GÖK) (Hak)

• Yazıtta “Tanrı”
• Tonyukuk ve Taoculuk
• Tonyukuk Yazıtında Yedi

İkinci Kitap (Zemin)

İçindekiler

Haritalar

Tablolar

Önsöz

Giriş

YÖNTEM

 Üç Boyutlu Zemin: Türk Kuşağı. Dil. Küç

 KUŞAK (Türk Kuşağı) (Dil)

•  Tonyukuk Yolu
• Sıfır Noktası/Bilge Tonyukuk Yazıtı: Sıfır ve Sınır Taşımız
• Tonyukuk Coğrafya ve Havzası
• Tonyukuk ve Yun Zhong
• Çogay-kuzı Dağı ve Tonyukuk
• Ordos Havzası ve Medeniyeti
• Bozkır Kuşağı
• İpek Yolu/ Bilgelik Yolu: 41.Paralel
• İstanbul – Semerkand- Bangalore Hattı
• Altay Dilleri Hattı
• Oğuz Kağan Destanı ve Tonyukuk Yazıtı’nda Deniz
• Yazılım Dili olarak Türkçe
• Tonyukuk Sözlüğü
• Bilimler Açısından Tonyukuk Yazıtı Kavram Endeksi
• Düşünmek fiilinin etimolojisi
• Bilgi: Düşünce: Dinleme, Konuşma, Yazma

 KÜÇ (GÜÇ)     (Liderlik) (Dış Dünya) (Savaş Sanatı)                       

• Liderlik
• Tonyukuk’un Bilge Liderlik Kriterleri (46)
• Vizyon
• %1’in Gücü
• Bilge Güç ve Bilgelik Yolu
• Tonyukuk Stratejileri: Bilge Güç
• Bilgelik Kavramı
• Bilge Olmak
• Tonyukuk Bilgeliği
• İstanbul merkezli Bilgelik ve Adalet Geleneği
• Bilge Tonyukuk’un Seferleri 693-717: Tonyukuk Seferleri Haritası
• Tonyukuk’un Çin’de Zaptettiği 23 Şehir
• Savaş Seferleri Güzergahı, Dmitri Vasilyev, Prof
• “Altay dağlarını aşarak geldik”  Bilge Tonyukuk
• Surlarla Kaplı Şehirler
• Tonyukuk’un Savaş Sanatı
• Ordu
• Stratejiler
• Türk Aklı: Devlet Felsefesi ve Stratejileri

      Üçüncü Kitap  (Zihin-Zat)

İçindekiler

Önsöz

Giriş

YÖNTEM

Üç Boyutlu Zihin: Kişi. Kendi. Kut

KİŞİ (İnsan) (Bilgelik) (Felsefe) (Düşünürler) (Kavramlar) 

• Bilge Tonyukuk (646-724) Yazıtında Kişi
• Bilge Tonyukuk (646-724) Kalemlerin ve Kılıçların Efendisi (Biyografi, Bilgelik, Bitig)
• İlk Düşünür-Yazar’ımız Bilge Tonyukuk
• Tonyukuk neden bilgedir?
• Konfüçyus, Lao Tzu’yu anladık ta nerede Bilge Tonyukuk?
• Tonyukuk Bilgeliği (Üçlemeler)
• Bilgelik Sözleri: Bilge Tonyukuk (646-716)
• Bilgelik ve İletişim ilişkisi
• Bilge Kişiler Tabakası ve Bilge Tonyukuk
• Tonyukuk Yazıtında Kağanlar
• Han’sız kalmak, Han’ını Bulmak
• Yazıtlarımızın Felsefi İncelemelerinden Neden Yoksunuz?
• Tonyukuk Yazıtındaki Felsefi Kavramlar
• Tonyukuk’un Evrensel Felsefesi
• Tonyukuk Yazıtında İnsan- Kişilik Özellikleri
• İlk Türk Düşünür-Yazarı: Bilge Tonyukuk 1370 Yaşında
• Düşünce Ekolleri Yabancılaşması ve İlk Düşünürümüz Bilge Tonyukuk
• Siyaset Felsefesi
• Bilgelik/Strateji (TONYUKUK), Akıl (MATURİDİ) ve Gönül (YESEVİ) bileşimi
• Tonyukuk’un Düşünür Kimliği
• Tonyukuk ve Toynbee
• İlk Kavramlar: Oğuz Kağan ve Bilge Tonyukuk
• Tonyukuk Yazıtında Olmak Fiili
• Tonyukuk Yazıtında Kavramlar
• Kurucu Asya Düşüncesi
• Kök Kavramlar: Asya Bilgeliği ve Düşüncesi
• Türk Kanonu

KENDİ (KENTİ)

• “Ben Bilge Tonyukuk”
• “Bilgesi, Çavuşu Ben Kendim İdim”  
• “Danışmanı Ben İdim”          
• Bilge Tonyukuk Yazıtı’nda Kendilik Bilinci
• Kendizm

KÖNÜL (GÖNÜL)

• Türk yazıtlarında gönül kavramı
• EK: A’dan Z’ye 3 boyutlu Bilge Tonyukuk Kavram Endeksi
• Ek: Tonyukuk Yazıtı En çok kullanılan Kavramlar

 KAYNAKLAR

   Dördüncü Kitap (Sonuç ve Öneriler)

  “Tanrı esirgesin, bu Türk halkı içinde zırhlı düşmanların akınına imkan vermedim, kuyruğu) düğümlü (düşman) atlarını koşturtmadım.”

Bilge Tonyukuk

SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER

•  Sorunlar
• Öneriler: Bilge Tonyukuk Hayalleri
• Tonyukuk Düşünce ve Stratejileri
• Değerler Sistemimiz: Y Zihniyeti
• Kavram Önerileri
• Uygarlıklar Sentezi
• Tonyukuk Anıtı Projesi, Kızılelma
• Bilge Tonyukuk Enstitüsü

Istanbul For First Timers: A Local's Travel Guide To Turkiye's Hidden Gems and Culture

(45534)

$4.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

ISTANBUL TRAVEL GUIDE (TRAVELLING AND HIKING GUIDE BOOKS Book 31)

$3.00 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul: Discover Twice the City in Half the Time | Top Sights | Maps & Walking Tours | Covers Sultanahmet & Sirkeci, Bazaar ... & Western Districts and more (Pocket Guide)

(44541)

$12.48 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Turkish Cookbook

(475957)

$36.46 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul: The Imperial City

(39582)

$12.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Insight Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook: 2026-2027 | Culture & Society | Must-See Sights | Stunning Photos | Expert Advice | Covers: Istanbul, Cappadocia, Ephesus and more

$20.06 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Essential Travel Guide To Turkiye: Iconic Sights, Authentic Food and Smart Travel Tips From A Local (Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya and Beyond)

(49518)

$2.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

(43538)

$7.31 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul Travel and History Guide 2026–2027: Famous Landmarks, Historic Mosques & Palaces, Local Neighborhoods,Turkish Food and Traditions, Bosphorus Cruises, Things to Do, Day Trips, Simple Itinerar

$6.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Crescent & Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

(455217)

$2.99 (as of 15/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul: Memories and the City (Vintage International)

(415966)

$13.28 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

(485156)

$8.97 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Lonely Planet The Mediterranean: Over 30 Mesmerising Cities & Islands | 15 Weekend Long Road Trip Itineraries | Tips on Where to Eat & What to See | Stunning Photography

(46525)

$23.73 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire

(425477)

$8.49 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Turkish Cookbook

(475957)

$36.46 (as of 15/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey

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Fodor's Essential Turkey (Full-color Travel Guide)

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2000 Most Common Turkish Words in Context: Get Fluent & Increase Your Turkish Vocabulary with 2000 Turkish Phrases (Turkish Language Lessons)

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ISTANBUL TRAVEL GUIDE (TRAVELLING AND HIKING GUIDE BOOKS Book 31)

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Insight Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook: 2026-2027 | Culture & Society | Must-See Sights | Stunning Photos | Expert Advice | Covers: Istanbul, Cappadocia, Ephesus and more

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DK Turkey: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Bod (Travel Guide)

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Istanbul Travel Guide 2026: A First-Timer’s Guide to the Streets, Food, History and Hidden Neighbourhoods of the City Where Europe Meets Asia

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India, Pakistan, Turkestan, Turkey Trade Route

In Turkey’s international trade, highways are mainly preferred for shipments with the European continent, while sea routes are preferred for shipments with African, American continents and Far East countries. The main subject of the railway-based transportation mode mentioned in Asia-related shipments is the countries of China and Turkestan.

In addition, in the new project updated between Russia and India, the entire Iranian geography will be crossed by rail. In the area from the Persian Gulf to the Turkish border, a railway will be built between Iraq and Turkey, it is called the development road.

Thus, transportation by rail on the geographies of Russia, Iran and Iraq gains a strategic meaning. The issue we want to address here is the issue of making strategic use of railways in the same way in transportation with Asian markets, as Turkey is on the agenda with the Zangezur Corridor. In the last period of the Ottoman Empire, the empire, which extended railways to the cities of Baghdad, Mecca and Medina, unfortunately lost the countries where these railways were located in a World War that suddenly erupted. The Republic, which followed, focused on railways again, as in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, and knitted the country with iron nets in ten years.

Towards the end of the first quarter of the 21st century, the issue on the agenda is to open Asian markets by railways. The unwinding of the Zangezur corridor will pave the way for Turkey’s integration with Asia as of the second quarter of the 21st century.

The real meaning of the Community of Turkic States is that the trade that goes back and forth through the railways in this way reaches the Mediterranean markets through Turkey and the establishment of cooperation on the roads towards the Great Mediterranean Union.

Iran is rising as a Persian Wall because it blocks Asian markets to Turkey.

If we pay attention, the silk road transportation, which we call the Middle Corridor, is not a route passing through the Iranian geography. Turkey is also in a position to overcome Iran with the railway corridor between Basra and Ovaköy Border Gate to be built on Iraq.

In the same way, it is strategically important to reach the markets of the Indian continent, Pakistan and India with the networks to be developed over the railways. From this point of view, it is important for Turkey to update its fraternal relationship with Pakistan with a holistic perspective on the Indian continent and to run the north-to-south cycle between India, Turkestan, Russia and Africa by attracting India to our side, this cycle will be the cycle of goods going back and forth.

This cycle will work in the style of north-south interaction. It is important to turn to relations between countries with a cooperative approach.

In this case, similar to Turkey’s mediation attempt between Ukraine and Russia, the mediation between Pakistan and India will provide us with endless benefits.

The north-south cycle and east-west commutes will begin to revive. India-Pakistan-Turkestan railway routes will also reach Russia and Turkey and create a dynamo effect.

In an article I wrote in 1998, I examined Turkey-Pakistan trade. Levent Tunaboylu: From the Mediterranean to the Pacific; Searching for Strategic Trade Partnerships 1: Eurasia Dossier Quarterly Journal of International Relations and Strategic Studies (Afghanistan and Pakistan Special) – Autumn – Winter 1998 / 99, Volume: 4 Issue: 3 – 4

For Turkey, the Silk Road Middle Corridor is constantly emphasized. However, in order for this corridor to be meaningful, it must be combined with the Indian Continent Corridor (India, Pakistan, Afghanistan) and the Turkestan Corridor, which is called the Middle Corridor, coming from the south.

Thus, South Asia (Pakistan, India, Afghanistan) will be united with Central Asia-Turkestan and the markets will be integrated with each other.

What we need to talk about is not a Turkic World isolated from the region.

It is important to integrate the Turkic world with the markets of Turkestan and the Mediterranean towards the west, and in the same way with the markets of India and Pakistan towards the south, and this will be possible with the railways.

Turkestan markets are already integrated with China through the Silk Road, the Middle Corridor. In this way, with the preservation of these connections, the integration of Asian markets will be completed and will be connected with the Turkish and Mediterranean markets.

Just as we are talking about the Asia-Pacific phenomenon, where Asia’s foreign trade is largely integrated with the US market. In the same way, we need to bring the Asian-Mediterranean phenomenon and concept to our agenda. What is meant by the Mediterranean is the markets of the Mediterranean basin, including Turkey. So. In this way, Turkey will be integrated with both Asian and Mediterranean markets within the scope of a five-hour flight distance.

In addition, the interconnection of the Indian Continent (India, Pakistan) and Turkey-Turkestan markets will continue with Russia and will descend to Turkey and Africa through Russia, and the cycle with India again through Africa will continue in an environmental way. This is a fertile cycle, in which the African continent in the south also gains importance. The integration of railways is of strategic importance in terms of providing all these connections. The Middle Corridor should merge with the Indian Continent Corridor coming from the south, and the corridors should be integrated with each other.

Five Corridors

Thus, we can list the corridors that are strategically important for Turkey and the corridors towards Asian markets as follows.

1. Zangezur Corridor

2. Development Corridor (Turkey – Iraq)

3. Indian subcontinent (Pakistan-India-Afghanistan) corridor
4. Middle Corridor
5. Integration of the Middle Corridor and the Indian Corridor

With the full functioning of the five strategic corridors, Turkey’s full access and full integration into the emerging Asian markets of the 21st century will be ensured. In this way, the Turkic world will not strengthen the economic infrastructure of the Organization of Turkic States.

The Concept of the Greater Mediterranean

The term Greater Mediterranean that we propose is a strategic concept. The Turks have thousands of years of history and historical depth in the proposed region. In this respect, it is essential to transform the Mediterranean region, which is surrounded by three continents, and the Turkestan region, which is surrounded by India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Russia, Azerbaijan and Iran, into a synergistic power through the Silk Road and the Spice Road.

As the great poet Nazım Hikmet expressed in his series, “This country, which comes galloping from Far Asia and stretches to the Mediterranean like a mare’s head, is ours”. In the case of Turkestan, which is mentioned in the verses, Asia, Turkey and the Mediterranean have a integrity.

Indian Fabric & Turkish Belt

The book India Travelogue – Indian Subcontinent, which was written by evaluating the observations of my travels in India and the Indian literature together, places the pillars of India, Turkey and Turkestan in front of the Indo-European classifications and Indochina geographies.

The Great Asian century is also revived by the dynamism of the Turks and Indians, who give meaning to life with freedom by distributing efkar.

Just as the intellectual achievements of Europe were recruited from South Asia, Southwest Asia and North Africa, similar gains of the Turks came to life in the line of Great Khorasan, Asia Minor (Anatolia) and then Southeast Europe (Rumelia), which included Northern India, where the table was kept by traveling from Turkestan after the shepherd’s fires. The Tigris, Euphrates, Seyhun, Ceyhun and Indus rivers of the region between the Nile and Yamuna rivers also made this life permanent.

In short; Khorasan, India and the Hittites are essential elements of our syntheses in Asia Minor and Asia Minor.

Isn’t India an ocean and not a Turk?

The term ocean, named after Talay, which first appeared in the Tonyukuk inscription, later manifested itself with the Buddhist monk and statesman Dalai Lama, revealing the richness of the common life of the Indian and Turkish worlds in the vastness and depth of the oceans.

Despite the rich historical accumulation and the legend of the Indian Subcontinent, which has been the homeland of four of the sixteen Turkish States, our main concern is to bring vitality to relations and exchanges by giving momentum to our extremely limited Indian library.

As a result; Indian cloth is not inexorable, he who seeks will find, India is not poor, it contains incredible riches. Let us navigate and travel in the Indian subcontinent as our ancestors have done since the days of Khwarizmi, Bîrûnî and Seydi Ali Reis.

India Writings, BooksonTurkey

China Railway Networks

Indian Railway Networks

Pakistan-Central Asia Railway

Pakistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan sign joint agreement for rail link to connect with Central Asia, Russia

Pakistan-China Economic Corridor (Railway)

Plan for China Pakistan Economic Corridor

Russia-India Trade Route

Russia-India trade route through Central Asia moves forward – Nikkei Asia

CISCountriesRailwayMap.jpg | Box Supported

Corridor

                                   Central Asian Railway Networks

Central Asia railway map – Rail Turkey En

India Central Asia Railway Networks

indian railway routes to central asia – Search on Google

How is the transportation of commodities by the railways of India to the countries of Turkestan, destinations of China and Pakistan developing at the moment?

• Railway networks for the transport of goods in India
• For shipments to Central Asian destinations
• For shipments to Pakistan, the rail is connected by India.
• Most of the goods going to Afghanistan are by air.
• For shipments to China
• Are these rail shipments going well?

Pakistan and India Railway Links

Pakistan India railways network – Search on Google

Railway Answer to What is the difference between Indian railways and Pakistan Railways? by Prashant Tiwari

Thar Express – Wikipedia

Pakistan India Railways Network – Search on Google

Trans-Asian Railway Networks

Asian train networks – Search on Google

Trans-Asian railway : trans-Asian railway network | ESCAP

Trans–Asian railway – Wikipedia

Trans asian rail network – Search Google

Train

The Silk Road and the Middle Corridor

Silk Road

Silk road

India and the Middle Corridor

Middle Corridor and India – Google Search

Central Asia train through India

There are several trains connecting India to Central Asia. Some of the most popular routes include:

• Delhi to Tashkent: This route continues to Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. There is one train per week and the journey takes about 4 days.
• Delhi to Dushanbe: This route continues to Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. There is one train per week and the journey takes about 5 days.
• Mumbay to Karachi: This route continues to Karachi, the capital of Pakistan. There are two trains a week and the journey takes about 3 days.
• Kolkata to Dhaka: This route continues to Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. There is one train per week and the journey takes about 2 days.

All of these trains are comfortable and modern and offer a variety of amenities. food carts, sleeping cars, and shower cars. Traveling by train is a great way to take in the scenery of India and Central Asia and experience the culture of these regions.

If you are thinking of traveling from India to Central Asia by train, I recommend that you research in advance and buy your ticket in advance. Trains are often quite crowded and can be difficult to find, especially during peak season.’

Central Asia freight train with India

Yes, there is a railway line between India and Central Asia, which is used for freight transportation. The line starts from the Indian port of Jawaharlal Nehru and passes through Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan to the city of Latsk, Kazakhstan. The line was inaugurated in 2016 and has become a major link for trade between India and Central Asia.

The railway line offers a cheaper and more efficient way to transport goods and services between countries in the region. It also helps to promote regional integration and trade.

Some of the important loads transported by the railway line are:

• Agricultural products
• Manufacturing products
• Energy sources
• Raw materials

The railway line is expected to help trade between India and Central Asia continue to grow in the coming years.

Freight Trains Between Pakistan and Central Asia

Several railway lines are available for freight transportation between Pakistan and Central Asia. Some of the most important lines are:

1. CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) Railway Line:

• This line connects Gwadar Port (Pakistan) with Kashgar (China).
• The line was inaugurated in 2016 and has become an important trade link between Pakistan and Central Asia.
• The cargoes transported include containers, bulk cargo and raw materials.

2. Trans-Afghan Railway Line:

• This line connects the Pakistani city of Peshawar with the city of Herat, Afghanistan.
• The line is still under construction and is expected to be completed in 2024.
• Upon completion, it will provide an important alternative route for trade between Pakistan and Central Asia.

3. Iran-Pakistan Railway Line:

• This line connects the Pakistani city of Taftan with the Iranian city of Zahedan.
• The line was inaugurated in 2009 and strengthens the connection between Pakistan and Central Asia.
• Among the cargoes transported are containers, oil and gas products.

4. Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan Railway Line:

• This line connects the city of Serhetabat in Turkmenistan with the city of Mazar-i-Sharif in Afghanistan and the city of Peshawar in Pakistan.
• The line was inaugurated in 2018 and has become an important connection point between Central Asia and South Asia.
• The cargoes transported include containers, minerals and agricultural products.

Freight trains between Pakistan and Central Asia play an important role in promoting regional trade and economic development. These lines enable faster and more efficient transportation of goods and services between countries in the region.

Additional Information:

• Freight trains between Pakistan and Central Asia typically transport a variety of cargo, such as containers, bulk cargo, raw materials, and oil and gas products.
• The travel time of trains varies depending on the route and the type of freight transported.
• Freight trains contribute to the development of trade and economic development between countries in the region.

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Notes on a Foreign Country: An American Abroad in a Post-American World

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Istanbul: City of Majesty at the Crossroads of the World

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Fodor's Essential Turkey (Full-color Travel Guide)

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Lonely Planet Turkish Phrasebook & Dictionary

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