Türk ve Çin filozofları, tarihsel ve coğrafi konumlarının da etkisiyle, farklı bakış açılarına ve düşünce sistemlerine sahiptirler. Bu farklar, felsefi sorulara yaklaşım tarzlarında, odaklandıkları konularda ve vardıkları sonuçlarda kendini gösterir.

Odak Noktaları:

• Türk filozofları: Varlık, bilgi, ahlak ve siyaset gibi felsefi disiplinlerin yanı sıra, tasavvuf ve din felsefesi gibi alanlara da yoğunlaşmışlardır.
• Çin filozofları: Doğaya ve evrene dair gözlemlere ve pratik yaşamın ilkelerine odaklanma eğilimindedirler. Taoizm, Konfüçyüsçülük ve Legalizm gibi felsefi akımlar, bu pratik odaklı bakış açısını yansıtır.

Sorgulama Yaklaşımı:

• Türk filozofları: Varoluşun anlamı, Tanrı’nın varlığı, ruhun ölümsüzlüğü gibi soyut ve evrensel sorulara yoğunlaşma eğilimindedirler.
• Çin filozofları: Ahlaki yaşamın nasıl olması gerektiği, toplumda uyum ve düzenin nasıl sağlanacağı gibi günlük yaşamla ve siyasetle daha bağlantılı sorulara eğilim gösterirler.

Düşünce Sistemleri:

• Türk filozofları: Felsefi sistemleri genellikle idealist ve teistik bir temele dayanır. Varlığın temelinin Tanrı olduğunu ve evrenin bir düzen ve amaç doğrultusunda işlediğini savunan görüşler hakimdir.
• Çin filozofları: Düşünce sistemleri daha pragmatik ve naturalist bir eğilim gösterir. Taoizm gibi akımlar, doğanın akışına uyum sağlamanın ve evrenin doğal dengesini bozmamanın önemini vurgular.

Bazı Önemli Farklar:

• Mantık Kullanımı: Türk filozofları mantığı felsefi sorgulamalarda önemli bir araç olarak görürken, Çin filozofları sezgiye ve pratik bilgeliğe daha fazla önem verirler.
• Toplumsal Rol: Türk filozofları genellikle din adamı veya eğitimci gibi toplumsal rollere sahipken, Çin filozofları daha çok danışman veya devlet adamı olarak görev yapmışlardır.

Özetle:

• Türk ve Çin filozofları, farklı coğrafi ve tarihi kökenlerden gelen ve farklı bakış açılarına sahip iki ayrı felsefi geleneği temsil ederler.
• Türk filozofları varlık, bilgi, ahlak ve siyaset gibi genel felsefi disiplinlere odaklanırken, Çin filozofları doğaya, evrene ve günlük yaşama dair pratik bilgeliğe daha fazla önem verirler.
• Türk filozoflarının düşünce sistemleri idealist ve teistik bir temele dayanırken, Çin filozoflarının düşünce sistemleri daha pragmatik ve naturalist bir eğilim gösterir.

Bu farklar, her iki geleneğin de felsefi düşüncenin gelişimine önemli katkılar yapmasını sağlamıştır.

Kaynaklar:

• https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk_felsefesi
• https://bilgiyay.com/kitap/cin-felsefesi-tarihi/
• https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_felsefesi

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Türklerin Roma yerine Bizans terimini kullanmasının birkaç sebebi vardır:

Tarihsel:

• Türkler, Anadolu’ya ilk olarak 11. yüzyılda Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun topraklarına girerek göç etmeye başladılar. Bu nedenle, bölgenin ve imparatorluğun tarihiyle daha yakın bir bağ kurdular.
• Roma İmparatorluğu, MS 4. yüzyılda ikiye bölündü ve Bizans İmparatorluğu doğu kısmını oluşturdu. Türkler, Bizans ile daha uzun süreli ve doğrudan bir etkileşime sahip oldular.
• Bizans İmparatorluğu, Roma İmparatorluğu’nun mirasını devraldığı için, Türkler tarafından bölgenin tarihi ve kültürel kimliğinin bir temsilcisi olarak görülmeye başlandı.

Kültürel:

• Bizans İmparatorluğu, zengin bir kültürel mirasa sahipti ve sanat, mimari, din ve felsefe gibi alanlarda önemli katkılarda bulundu. Türkler, bu kültürel mirasın bir kısmını benimsediler ve kendi kültürlerine entegre ettiler.
• Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun resmi dili Yunancaydı ve bu dil, Türkçenin yanı sıra Anadolu’da yaygın olarak konuşulmaya başladı. Bu durum, iki kültürün birbirini etkileşime girmesine ve ortak bir kimlik geliştirmesine katkıda bulundu.

Politik:

• Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun mirasçısı olarak kendini gördü ve bu nedenle Bizans terimini kullanarak tarihi ve siyasi meşruiyetini pekiştirmeye çalıştı.
• Osmanlılar, Bizans’ın siyasi ve idari sistemlerinden de faydalandılar ve kendi imparatorluklarını kurarken bu sistemlerden ilham aldılar.

Sonuç olarak:

Türklerin Bizans terimini kullanma tercihi, tarihi, kültürel ve politik etkenlerin bir kombinasyonundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu terim, Türklerin bölgeyle olan tarihi bağını ve Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun mirasına duyduğu saygıyı yansıtmaktadır.

Roman Hippodrome Square. Sultanahmet. Istanbul. 1975

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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

(43536)

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Türkiye (Turkey): Mediterranean Coast Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3019)

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Thales

Epiktetos

Diyojen

Epiküros

Phytagoras

Herakleitos

Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

(475380)

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Art and Architecture of Mimar Sinan: Self-Guided Walks Through Istanbul and Edirne (Masters of Architecture)

(5051)

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Living in Istanbul

(38525)

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Laminated Istanbul Map by Borch (English) (English, Spanish, French, Italian and German Edition)

(41537)

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Istanbul in 3 Days| Travel Guide 2025| 3 days plan, local tips, Photos and Online Maps: What to do in Istanbul|where to stay|top restaurants|food guide|day trips|Google maps with best spots.

(385130)

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Pocket Rough Guide Istanbul: Travel Guide with eBook

(45599)

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Backstory Atlas Istanbul: 10 Reasons We Can't Stop Visiting the City Between Empires (Backstory Atlas: Europe's Great Cities)

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Insight Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook

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The Turkish Cookbook

(475952)

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Istanbul For First Timers: A Local's Travel Guide To Turkiye's Hidden Gems and Culture

(46529)

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The Rough Guide to Turkey (Travel Guide with eBook) (Rough Guide Main Series)

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An Ottoman Traveller: Selections from the Book of Travels by Evliya Çelebi

(43563)

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Insight Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide eBook

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Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire

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Istanbul For First Timers: A Local's Travel Guide To Turkiye's Hidden Gems and Culture

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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

(43536)

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Art and Architecture of Mimar Sinan: Self-Guided Walks Through Istanbul and Edirne (Masters of Architecture)

(5051)

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Istanbul: Memories and the City (Vintage International)

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Peeps at many lands: Burma

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Along the Bosphorus (A Vintage Short)

(40554)

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Anadolu Düşüncesi

• Murşil 202
• Hattuşil 204
• Grekçe’nin Egemenliği-Anadolu’dan Batı’ya-Homeros-Yedi Bilgeler
• Grek Düşüncesi
• Homeros
• Hesiodos
• Yedi Bilgeler
• Solon
• Kleobulos
• Khilon (Kylon)
• Pittakos
• Periandros
• Bias
• Thales

İkinci Bölüm Felsefe Çağı Anadolu Aydınlığı

İlk bilgeler 237

• Thales 242
• Anaksimandros 245
• Anaksimenes 247
• Herakleitos 248
• Ksenophanes 253
• Pythagoras 254
• Parmenides 258
• Zenon 260
• Empedokles 262
• Anaksagoras 266
• Melissos 268
• Philolaos 270
• Arkhelaos 272
• Hippon 274
• Diogenes (Apollonia’lı) 275
• Arkhytas 277
• Atomcu Felsefe 281
• Leukippos 282
• Demokritos 283
• Sofistler
• Protagoras 294
• Gorgias 295
• Hippias 297
• Antiphron (Antiphon) 297
• Alkisamas 299
• Lykophron 300
• Prodikos 300
• Kritias 301
• Kallikles 302
• Sokrates 305

The Turkish Cookbook

(475952)

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Backstory Atlas Istanbul: 10 Reasons We Can't Stop Visiting the City Between Empires (Backstory Atlas: Europe's Great Cities)

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Lonely Planet Turkiye: Plan the Trip of a Lifetime | Detailed Itineraries & Maps | Insider Tips | Covers Istanbul, Troy, Izmir and more (Travel Guide)

(43569)

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Istanbul Travel Guide 2026: Top Places to Visit, Things to Do, Exploring Neighborhood, Itineraries, Festivals and Events, Food and Drink, Shopping, ... History And Culture. (EXPLORE THE GLOBE)

(3853)

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Wonders of Istanbul: A Photo Collection of the City’s Most Beautiful Places to See – A Stunning Coffee Table Travel Photobook

(5051)

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Istanbul Travel Guide 2025: Discover Istanbul’s Top Attractions, Hidden Gems, Cultural Highlights, Timely Itineraries, and Budget-Friendly Hacks for Every Traveler

(4754)

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DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Istanbul (Eyewitness Travel Guides)

(475184)

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Laminated Istanbul Map by Borch (English) (English, Spanish, French, Italian and German Edition)

(41537)

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Berlitz Pocket Guide Turkey (Travel Guide eBook) (Berlitz Pocket Guides)

(39527)

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ISTANBUL TRAVEL GUIDE 2026: Discovering Istanbul's Past, Timeless Allure, Dynamic Future, and Iconic Landmarks (Oliver T. Brandel’s World Navigator Guides)

$7.99 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Turkey Travel Guide: Captivating Adventures through Rich History, Turkish Delights, Turkish Landmarks, Hidden Gems, and More (Traveling the World)

(42518)

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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

(43536)

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The Rough Guide to Turkey (Travel Guide with eBook) (Rough Guide Main Series)

(43575)

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Insight Guide Turkish Coast

(5051)

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Collins Turkish Phrasebook and Dictionary Gem Edition: Your Indispensable Guide to Speaking the Local Language While Travelling (Collins Gem)

(465350)

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Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire

(425470)

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Along the Bosphorus (A Vintage Short)

(40554)

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DK Istanbul: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Sultanahmet, Beyoglu, & more (Travel Guide)

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Fodor's Essential Turkey (Full-color Travel Guide)

(3859)

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Istanbul: Memories and the City (Vintage International)

(415952)

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• Türkiye,
• Azerbaycan,
• Kırgızistan,
• Kırım Tataristan,
• Kazakistan,
• Özbekistan
• Türkmenistan

Kaynak: Türk Dünyasında Atasözleri Benzerlikleriyle

Art and Architecture of Mimar Sinan: Self-Guided Walks Through Istanbul and Edirne (Masters of Architecture)

(5051)

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Backstory Atlas Istanbul: 10 Reasons We Can't Stop Visiting the City Between Empires (Backstory Atlas: Europe's Great Cities)

$4.99 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

DK Turkey: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Bodrum, & more (Travel Guide)

$23.00 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

ISTANBUL TRAVEL GUIDE 2026: Discovering Istanbul's Past, Timeless Allure, Dynamic Future, and Iconic Landmarks (Oliver T. Brandel’s World Navigator Guides)

$7.99 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul: The Imperial City

(39581)

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Pocket Rough Guide Istanbul: Travel Guide with eBook

(45599)

$9.40 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul: Discover Twice the City in Half the Time | Top Sights | Maps & Walking Tours | Covers Sultanahmet & Sirkeci, Bazaar ... & Western Districts and more (Pocket Guide)

(44528)

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Wonders of Istanbul: A Photo Collection of the City’s Most Beautiful Places to See – A Stunning Coffee Table Travel Photobook

(5051)

$23.99 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul & Northwest Turkey Travel Reference Map WP

(4554)

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Istanbul in 3 Days| Travel Guide 2025| 3 days plan, local tips, Photos and Online Maps: What to do in Istanbul|where to stay|top restaurants|food guide|day trips|Google maps with best spots.

(385130)

$4.99 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Turkish Cookbook

(475952)

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To the City: Life and Death Along the Ancient Walls of Istanbul

(47525)

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

(485136)

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Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul: Discover Twice the City in Half the Time | Top Sights | Maps & Walking Tours | Covers Sultanahmet & Sirkeci, Bazaar ... & Western Districts and more (Pocket Guide)

(44528)

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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

(43536)

$10.95 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Lonely Planet The Mediterranean: Over 30 Mesmerising Cities & Islands | 15 Weekend Long Road Trip Itineraries | Tips on Where to Eat & What to See | Stunning Photography

(46524)

$23.67 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire

(425470)

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A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey

(455126)

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Collins Turkish Phrasebook and Dictionary Gem Edition: Your Indispensable Guide to Speaking the Local Language While Travelling (Collins Gem)

(465350)

$0.99 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Türkiye (Turkey) Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3018)

(455109)

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BİRUNİ

https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/bilim-teknoloji/newton-torricelli-galileo-ve-copernicusun-ilham-kaynagi-el-biruni/1337402

“Tarihte de hakikati meydana çıkarmanın yolu akılla istidlal (al-istidlal bi ‘l-macqulat) ve görüp hissedilen şeylerle mukayesedir.

Benim bilimle uğraşma sebebim Ali İmran 191.ayettir. /Söz konusu ayet: “Onlar ayakta dururken, otururken, yatarken hep Allah’ı anarlar; göklerin ve yerin yaratılışını düşünürler (ve şöyle derler:) “Rabbimiz! Sen bunu boş yere yaratmadın, seni tenzih ve takdis ederiz. Bizi cehennem azabından koru!”

Ben herkesin kendi çalışmasında yapması gerekeni yaptım: Öncüllerinin başarılarını minnettarlıkla karşılamak, onların yanlışlarını ürkmeden doğrultmak, kendisine gerçek olarak görüneni gelecek kuşağa ve sonrakilere emanet etmek..

“Ben ne Arabım ne de Acem, bu iki dili sonradan öğrendim,” Kitabüs Saydele isimli eserinin önsözü

“Ben herkesin kendi çalışmasında yapması gerekeni yaptım: Öncüllerinin başarılarını minnettarlıkla karşılamak, onların yanlışlarını ürkmeden doğrulatmak, kendisine gerçek olarak görüneni gelecek kuşağa ve sonrakilere emanet etmek”. (El-Birüni, öl. 1048)

“Bilim, insanların ihtiyaçları neticesinde ortaya çıkmaktadır ve hayat için vazgeçilmezdir,”

 

İBNİ SİNA

To the City: Life and Death Along the Ancient Walls of Istanbul

(47525)

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Istanbul Travel Guide 2025: Discover Istanbul’s Top Attractions, Hidden Gems, Cultural Highlights, Timely Itineraries, and Budget-Friendly Hacks for Every Traveler

(4754)

$0.99 (as of 30/05/2026 13:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Wonders of Istanbul: A Photo Collection of the City’s Most Beautiful Places to See – A Stunning Coffee Table Travel Photobook

(5051)

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DK Istanbul: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Sultanahmet, Beyoglu, & more (Travel Guide)

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• Boy beyleri,
• Hanların her biri,
• Alp kolça kopuz çalan ve
• Ozanlık yeteneği ve
• Kamlık özelliklerine sahip

Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken bir ayrım söz konusudur. Hanlar ve beyler, devlet yönetimindeki seçilmiş kişilerdirler.

Kolça kopuz çalanlar, ayrıca ozanlar ile sanatçılar da bilgelik vasıflarını haiz olan ve özellikle de bilgiyi toplumda yaymaları itibarıyla sanat yoluyla yaymaları itibarıyla önem kazanmaktadırlar.

Bir diğer grup ise kamlar da yine Bilici özellikleri nedeniyle bilgelik anlamında çok önemli bir konumdadırlar, mesela Tonyukuk da Baş Kam’dır. Aynı zamanda Türklerde Kamlık konusunun daha da inceleniyor olması bilgelik kavramının detaylandırılması anlamında son derece önemli bir gelişme olacaktır.

Şimdi batı ile arada fark vardır, batıda bilgelik bir unvan değildir tamamen dini anlamlar içermektedir, yönetim kademelerinde olan insanlarda aranan bir özellik değildir. Bu da batı ile aramızdaki farklı boyutu göstermektedir.

Evet bilgelik nosyonu, Türkler tarafından daha sonra Sümerler üzerinden tek tanrılı dinlere de aktarılmış bulunmaktadır, bu şekilde de evrensellik kazanmıştır.

İki nokta çok önemli demek ki. Türk devlet geleneğinin ve davranışının temeli bilgeliktir ve Sümer bağlantısı üzerinden devam ettirilerek İbrahimi dinler ile evrensellik boyutu tüm dünyaya yayılmıştır.

Bu durum ise hem devlet hem de din kavramlarının temeline yerleştirdiğimiz bilgelik nedeniyle biz Türkler insanlık tarihinde yegane bir konumda yer almaktayız.

“BENİM BU KANIYA VARMAMIN  TEMEL NEDENİ   KAYNAK METİNLERDE  O TÜR KİŞİLERDEN  BİLİCİ, TAM BİLİCİ GİBİ NE DERSE YAPILIR GİBİ ÖZELLİKLERİ, BİLİNMEZDEN HABER VERMELERİ, KEHANETTE  BULUNMA VASIFLARINA VURGU YAPILIYOR OLMASIDIR. Bu anlayışın  sümer yolu ile ortadoğu halklarına, ibrahim kavmine intikal ettiğini düşünüyorum. kagan, hakan, haham, kam kan arasında köklü bir ilişki üzerinde durulması sorunu epeyce  aydınlığa kavuşturur. “ (Prof Dr Dursun Yıldırım)

“Bilge unvanı Tanrı katına çıktığından dolayı Bilge Kağan’da kalınca, aklı ve enginliği ifade eden “köl” unvanı kardeşine kalmış olduğu kanısındayım.

Bilgeliğin bir alt derecesi, ifade edicisi “köl” olduğu anlaşılıyor, metinleri yazan Bilge Kağan’ın unvanına uygun bir bilgeliğe sahip olduğu söylenebilir.

Dede Korkut anlatılarında boy beyleri aynı zamanda birer kamdır. Bilgelik, bilicilik ve dediklerinin anında olması kamlık özelliklerinden gelmektedir.

Kam unvanının yanında bilge unvanının da eş anlamda bu kişiler için kullanıldığı kanısındayım. Baş kam işlevi gören kişi Bilge Tonyukuk’tur.

Törende, Tanrı ile irtibat kurmak için kesilecek yağış adlı at kurbanı törenini yönetir ve ardından kağan adayını bu tören ile keçe üzerine oturtup göğe doğru kaldırarak dokuz kez döndürülerek dokuzuncu dönüş ile ”teng eri”nin bulunduğu kata çıkarılır. Orada “teng eri” kendisine bodunu yönetmek için yarlık, bilig, küç, ülüş, kut, il tutsık yir yarlığı bağışlar ve bu donanım ile bir olağanüstü dönüşüme, yeniden doğmuş gibi erginleşerek “teng eri” katından yere tören ile iner, bodun üzerine kağan olarak oturur.

Boy beyleri, hanların her biri, alp kolça kopuz çalan ve ozanlık yeteneği ve kamlık özelliklerine sahip bilge kişiler tabakasını oluştururlar. Hanlar hanı Han Bayundur, Dede Korkut anlatılarında “Kam Gan oglı” biçiminde tanımlanır. Bu unvan, Oğuzların anlatılarının, onlarda yer alan olayların geçtiği süreci açıklayıcı güçlü bir kanıttır. Türk kültür ve yaşayış düzenlerini anlama açısından bu konu üzerinde ayrıca durulması icap eder, fırsat olursa bir başka yazıda üzerinde ayrıca durulacaktır. Dede Korkut anlatılarında yer alan bu sorunun çözümlenmesi tarihimizin bu dönemini daha iyi anlamamıza yardım edeceği kanısındayım.

İlteriş Kağan ile eşi İlbilge Katun’un göğe birlikte kaldırıldığı ve bu yüzden her “alp” unvanı Türk kadim tarihinde efsanevi kağanı Alp Er Tonga zamanından itibaren ortaya çıkmış bir tabaka olduğu anlaşılıyor. Bunların Dede Korkut anlatılarında onlar için belirtilmiş özellikleri, kamlık bilgesi de dahil görünüyor.

İkisinin sözlerinin birer “yalavaç” sözü, buyruğu mertebesinde görüldüğü ve bu yüzden bilge sözünün aynı zamanda kam karşılığı kullanılmış olduğunu tahmin ediyorum. Sözlerinin yüceliğini ifade etmek için kendilerine “bilge” unvanı ile hitap ettiklerini ve “bilge” unvanı taşıdıklarını düşünüyorum.

Bu bilgelik, kam, “yalavaç” yetilerine sahip kişi anlamı taşısa gerektir.

Bilge Tonyu Ak Aka (Bilge Tonyukuk), Budizmin Türkler arasında yayılmasına engel olur, karşı çıkar (Liu Mau- Tsai 2019).

Bundan da Tonyu Ak Aka’nın kadim Türk inancını ve kamlığı benimsediği, zorda kaldığında kamlık duyuşunun kendini bastığı, kararlarını vermede bu özelliğinin etkin olduğu anlaşılıyor. Aklındaki sorunu çözünceye kadar bir yerde duramıyor, içözi kendini basıyor, ondan soruna çözüm bulunca rahat ediyor.

Bilge Tonyu Ak Aka[=Bilge Tonyukuk]: “Ben Tabgaç’ta kılındım” dediğinde, “ben Tabgaçta anadan doğdum” dediği anlaşılır. Dilimizde belirtiğimiz gibi yine doğmayı ifade etmek üzere bir de, “törü-“ fiili vardır. Bu da Türk dilinde yaratılmak, doğmak anlamı taşıyan bir halden öbür hale geçerek yeniden doğmak anlamı taşıyan bir fiildir. “törük” biçimi “yaratılmış” anlamı taşır ama bu anadan doğmak gibi anlam taşımaz. Bu bir halden bir hale geçerek yaratılmışlık, olağanüstülüklerle yaratılmışlık kazanma, doğuş halidir.

Türkler, kendi başlarına han/kağan seçecekleri kişiyi göğe Tanrı katına çıkarır, orada olağanüstü yetkilerle donatılarak yeni kişilik kazanması haline “törük” diyorlar. Bu hal, yeniden “törük” olma hali Türklerin göğün dokuzuncu katına Tanrı [ Göğün Beyi, Kâinatın Efendisi] katına kağanı kaldırdıkları zaman, orada kendisine il tutma yarlığı, kut, bilig, küç, ülüş gibi olağanüstü yetkilerle donatıldıktan sonra bu şekilde yeniden yaratılmış, yeniden doğurulmuş toplumun/bodun üstüne kağan olarak indirilir.

Kaynak: TÜRK BENGGÜ TAŞ BİTİGİ 1YAZITLARDA YENİ OKUMA ÖNERİLERİ2 Prof. Dr. Dursun YILDIRIM

Bilge kişiler 

Türklerde bilgelik bir unvan olarak verilmiştir ve ilk yazılı eserleri veren ilk iki kişi de bilge ünvanlıdır bilge tonyukuk ve bilge kağan. Bunlar taşa yazılmış yazıtlardır. Ardından yazma olarak yani kağıda yazılı olarak verilen ilk eserin adı da Kutadgu Bilig’dir, burada da bilgeliğin esasları anlatılmaktadır, görüldüğü gibi Türklerin yazdıkları taşa ve kağıda yazdıkları ilk üç eser bilgelik ile ilgilidir. Bu kayda değer bir noktadır.

Yazıtlarda bilge olarak ünvanlandırılmış 21 kişi tespit edilmiştir. Bu kişilerin hepsi de ünvanlarıyla devleti temsil eden insanlardır.

Yazıtlarda geçen 21 Bilge:

• Akınçu Alp Bilge Çigşi
• Bayırku Tarduş Bilge Tarkan Kutlug
• Bilge Kağan
• Bilge Tonyukuk
• İlbilge Hatun
• İlbilge Kunçuy
• İlbilge
• Bilge Işbara Tamgan Tarkan
• Bilge Tarduş Ulug Bilge Yabgu
• Bilge Tölis Ulug Bilge Çad
• Bilge Tutuk
• İnançu Bilge Tirig
• İsig Bilge Çigşi
• Kutluk Bilge Senün
• Kül Bilge Kagan
• Oğuz Bilge Tamgaç
• Tay Bilge Tutuk
• Tenriken Alp Kutlug Bilge Kan
• Tenride bolmış el etmiş bilge kagan
• Tokuz bolmış bilge tay senün
• Tölis Bilge Beg

Bilgelik devletle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Neden sorusu burada önem kazanmaktadır. Türkler toplumsal hayatın organizasyonu yani devlet teşkilatlanmasını hep bilge insanlar eliyle götürmüşlerdir.

Burada anmamız gereken diğer bir bilge kişi de Farabi’dir ve bilge devletin esaslarını bir ilk filozof olarak felsefe ile oluşturmuştur. Buradaki önemli nokta ise bu esasların Bilgelik Yazıtları olarak adlandırabileceğimiz bilge tonyukuk ve bilge kağan tarafından yazılmış Orhun Yazıtlarının devamı niteliğinde olmasıdır. Türklerin toplumsal hayatında sistematik bir devlet yapılanması sözkonusudur, çok sayıda ünvanlar mevcuttur.

Mesela Tonyukuk’u yazıtında “bilgesi de çavuşu da bendim” ibaresi yazılıdır. Çavuştan kastedilen bugünkü başkomutandır, demek ki başkomutan aynı zamanda bir bilge olmalıdır. Askeri kuvvetler de bir bilgelik yapılanmasıdır. Türkler alemdeki kusursuz işleyiş yapısını bir şekilde dünyaya da indirip dünyada uygulamak istemişlerdir. Bunu ancak bilge bir devlet yapılanması ile sürdürebilecektir.

Bilgelik nasıl bir şeydir?, yazıtlardan anlaşıldığı kadarıyla özellikle de Bilge kağan ve Kül Tigin yazıtlarında anlatıldığı kadarıyla öncelikle Kağan, tanrı tarafından bir takım ilahi yetenekler ile donatıldıktan sonra yeryüzüne indirilmektedir. Bilgelik tanrısal bir kavramdır, bilge olan kişi aynı zamanda Bilici özelliklerini taşımaktadır burada Türklerde şaman, kam olarak adlandırılan ve geleceği öngörme yeteneği, sezgi yeteneği önem kazanmaktadır.

Toplumu yönetebilmek için geleceği okumak ve yeteneklerle donatılmış olmak önem kazanmaktadır.

Tanrı tarafından ilahi bilgilerle donatılan bilgelerin bu konumları halk tarafından da izlenmekte, bu unvanlar onları izleyen halk tarafından da bu kişilere verilmektedir.

Bilge Kağan, Kağan soyudur, Bilge Tonyukuk ise yönetici soyludur. Bilgelik unvanı halk tarafından kendilerine verilmekte ve halk tarafından da takdir edilmektedirler. Çünkü yazıtlarda en çok kullanılan kavram halk kavramıdır. Buradan çıkarabileceğimiz netice, ilahi bir kavram olan bilgelik ile halk kavramının birbirleri ile ilişkilendirilmiş olmasıdır. Yaradan ile yaradılan bir bilgelik yolu ile birbirlerine bağlanmış olmaktadırlar.

Farabi ile aynı dönemde dokuzuncu asırda yaşayan Mâturidî ve sekizinci asırda yaşayan Ebu Hanife de her ikisi de Özbek Türküdürler, kavramın İslam dini içerisindeki gelişimini ve yetkinleşmesini temin etmişlerdir. Ayrıca ardından gelen Ahmet Yesevi ise yine Yusuf Has Hacip gibi Türkçe üzerinden giderek bilgeleri görevlendirmiş ve Anadolu’ya, İslam coğrafyasına, Hindistan’a, Hind kıtasına ve Balkanlara bu bilgeleri göndererek ilahi bazlı bilgelik yaşantısının Türklerin arasında yaygınlaşmasını ve derinleşmesini temin etmişlerdir. Yesevî’nin kitabının adı da Divan-ı Hikmet’tir, bilgelik divanıdır.

Bilge unvanı ilerleyen yüzyıllar itibarı ile kullanımdan düşmüştür, bu hazin bir noktadır. Bilge artık hem kadınlarda hem de erkeklerde ortak olarak kullanılan kullanılmakta olan bir kişi adıdır sadece. Türkler bilgelikten, bilgelik özelliklerinden giderek uzaklaşmışlar ve bencillik tarzında kişilik erozyonuna uğramışlardır.

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