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Settlements with a Central Role in the History of Philosophy

EASTERN 15

EAST ASIA  5

  1. Kyoto
  2. Beijing
  3. Kaifeng (Daliang)
  4. Luoyang
  5. Changan (Xian)

SOUTH ASIA  7

  1. Lhasa
  2. nalanda
  3. in Kolkata
  4. Mathura
  5. Ujj ritual
  6. Kanchipuram
  7. Anuradhapura

NIL-AMUDERYA (CEYHUN)   3

  1. Baghdad
  2. Isfahan
  3. Alexandria

WEST 7

MEDITERRANEAN   2

  1. athenai
  2. Firenze

EUROPE   5

  1. Cordoba
  2. Paris
  3. Berlin
  4. St. Petersburg
  5. London

TOTAL 22

 

 

Source:  http://www.kureyayinlari.com/Kitap/1205/felsefe_atlasi

 

Conventions: Rum and Rumelia

Just as we use Greece incorrectly (which should be Elen, Hellas), in the movie Troy, “our country; There were words like “greece”. At that time there was no country called Greece, there were colonies and city-states.

But here’s the Greek convention you mentioned, they have to serve it. Then came the Romans and the Ottomans. Where is the Hellenic country? Just as Israel was placed in the Middle East today, a country was created with the lands torn from Ottoman Macedonia.

Just as the Ottomans claimed the Greek (Roman Empire) concept, we must continue the same mission.

Even the Chinese Empire called the Ottoman Empire Greek. The heir of the Greek (Roman Empire) is not the Greeks, but the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey.

The discussion about the word Rumelia has now come to the point of asking the right questions with your contribution.

I added the Balkans/concepts section and Bizim Rumeli section on the Balkanpazar site ( www.balkanpazar.net ) in order to avoid conceptual confusion.

Question: If they made a convention for the word “Greek” in international platforms by combining all different concepts such as Greek, Greek, Greek, Hellenic, Cypriot, what concepts should our convention consist of? How should we form a convention?

What a series of mistakes; We define the Greek with two wrong concepts such as Greek (Ionian) and Greek (Roman Empire subject). As if the lands and islands we gave were not enough. Unbelievable. It’s not enough, we say let’s bury the concept of Rumelia too! Sorry indeed.

1) (Central Asia) Turkish Nationalism? Turkish Humanism?

The Turks practiced a great humanism in the Balkans and mixed with the people of that place. The person who says “How happy is the one who says I am a Turk” is a Balkan. There is a great humanism in that saying. The point that Turkishness has reached in the Balkans is humanity, it is the essence of man. Let’s not look for humanism elsewhere in the philosophers of the west. It is a way of life that our ancestors personally lived in the Balkan geography. Turkish humanism is the name of the insatiable consistency of a soup “from the Great Wall of China to Rumelia”, which the Hun Turks started to mix in the Balkans from the 5th and 6th centuries and then the Ottoman Turks from the 14th century. Rumelia is the greatest humanism in history. Man is nobility.

I know personally that I have many Balkan ancestry in my blood.(My mother’s side immigrated from Fan river valley south of Shkodër to Jakova, Kosovo and then to Skopje, finally to Turkey in 1936. My father’s side is from Plovdiv, Pazarcık. Again, they immigrated to Turkey in 1938) This is the Turkishness we cannot explain. The problem in Turkey stems from the fact that the Turk is not defined correctly. Who is Turkish? question remained unanswered. In fact, if the Turk in the phrase “How Happy is the One Who Says I am a Turk” is defined correctly, no one emphasizes that the Turk is a mixture.

Actually, it’s a deliberate mix. We got rich by mixing. The more you mix, the more Turkish you are; you are human. Turks are one of the rare tribes that live this adventure of humanity as deeply as possible. “Turks: Journey of a Thousand Years: 600 – 1600” held in London in 2005Again, they migrated to Turkey in 1938) This is the Turkishness we cannot explain. The problem in Turkey stems from the fact that the Turk is not defined correctly. Who is Turkish? question remained unanswered. In fact, if the Turk in the phrase “How Happy is the One Who Says I am a Turk” is defined correctly, no one emphasizes that the Turk is a mixture.

Actually, it’s a deliberate mix. We got rich by mixing. The more you mix, the more Turkish you are; you are human. Turks are one of the rare tribes that live this adventure of humanity as deeply as possible. “Turks: Journey of a Thousand Years: 600 – 1600” held in London in 2005Again, they migrated to Turkey in 1938) This is the Turkishness we cannot explain. The problem in Turkey stems from the fact that the Turk is not defined correctly. Who is Turkish? question remained unanswered. In fact, if the Turk in the phrase “How Happy is the One Who Says I am a Turk” is defined correctly, no one emphasizes that the Turk is a mixture. Actually, it’s a deliberate mix. We got rich by mixing. The more you mix, the more Turkish you are; you are human. Turks are one of the rare tribes that live this adventure of humanity as deeply as possible. “Turks: Journey of a Thousand Years: 600 – 1600” held in London in 2005Nobody emphasizes that Turkish is a mixture. Actually, it’s a deliberate mix. We got rich by mixing.

The more you mix, the more Turkish you are; you are human. Turks are one of the rare tribes that live this adventure of humanity as deeply as possible. “Turks: Journey of a Thousand Years: 600 – 1600” held in London in 2005Nobody emphasizes that Turkish is a mixture. Actually, it’s a deliberate mix. We got rich by mixing. The more you mix, the more Turkish you are; you are human. Turks are one of the rare tribes that live this adventure of humanity as deeply as possible. “Turks: Journey of a Thousand Years: 600 – 1600” held in London in 2005The exhibition www.turks.org.uk/ shows that the West has new approaches to this issue. We should work on the theme of “Anatolia, the Mother of Europe”. Since the basis of the EU is truly Rome, we must emphasize the Romans, Celts, Hittites, Phrygians. While the Byzantine emphasis is in the interest of the Greeks, it still continues to emphasize it, we identify Istanbul with Byzantium, and we do not mention Rome at all.

2) Ottoman Empire

Relations with the neighbors began to be developed after the removal of Apon from Syria.

Relations with neighbors in the Balkans, the Caucasus and the Middle East and North Africa have come a long way in the last 7 years. The Ottomans come into effect.

We had a wonderful convention that was systematized by the Ottomans and inherited from Rome. At the end of the 19th century, the West started to destroy the conventions both in China and in the Ottoman lands at the same time. The West  took thirty states out of the thirty-two provinces of the Ottoman Empire . But  China ‘s thirty-two states continues as still state … in short,  China ‘ I could not have been destroyed … In fact,  China ‘s state are located in the wall (Inner Mongolia, eastern Turkey istan, Tibetan) ethnic  Chinese  also not acylated …

If the Ottomans had  lived today, they would have made the West  kneel like China with a population of 450 million.. Alas .. Britain, who did not give us Mosul and started  a civil revolt not to give it to us, handed Hong Kong over to  China with your own hands. No sir Hong Kong’ They  rented it from the Chinese, and they delivered it because the lease agreement was over…  It was only a part of Hong Kong, which was the subject of the lease  agreement, close to the Chinese border… It was not the whole of Hong Kong..

While acts of destruction of conventions are already underway in the Balkans and the former Ottoman lands in the Middle East, the days are not far off when China’s turn will come.

In the last two decades of the twentieth century, we see two old and fragrant worlds re-emerging: the Turkish World  and the  Chinese World  . Both members of the old continent and the old world, which were once neighbors with each other, started to open up in almost the same years (1980 and 1978) by making revolutionary changes in their economies.

Among civilizations in pre-modern eras, the  Chinese   and  Ottomans  felt superior to the world outside them.  The  most striking aspect of Chinese civilization must be the early development in technology. Huge libraries were set up starting from a long time ago.  Chinese  cities were much larger than cities in medieval Europe.  The Ottomans  , on the other hand, established an official unity of belief, culture and language on a wider area than the Roman Empire and on the vast masses of people who became their nationals.  Ottoman their cities were large, well-lit, and had sewers; some had universities, libraries, and stunningly beautiful mosques. The greatest threat to Europe at the beginning of the modern era, of course,  came from the Ottoman  Turks , or more precisely, from  the formidable armies of the Ottomans and the most advanced siege forces and vehicles of their era.

We should rebuild our convention, which was destroyed in both Anatolian and Balkan bridge peninsulas, by taking peaceful initiative in our relations with the Armenian/Greek/Jewish communities, which are the fringes of the Ottoman Empire.

3) Our cultural and genetic ties with the West.

Europe is increasingly finding its roots in Anatolia. The first seven churches, the spread of Christianity starting from Anatolia, Troy are the first examples that come to mind.

The bridge is not only the Greek Anatolia, but also the Rumelian Balkans; peoples are mixed. The BTC pipeline connects Central Asia (Kazakhstan) and the Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Georgia) to Turkey. Yes, Turkey is much more of a union than Europe, it is united by mixing. Our genetic ties with the West are also present in Central Asia. Considering your site about the Celts, I am forwarding a current source on this subject: Elizabeth Barber The Mummies of Urumchi; http://departments.oxy.edu/languages/urumchi.htm#4celtic http://departments.oxy.edu/languages/barber.htm

Anatolia was never Hellenized; but very quickly Turkified.

Concerning our genetic ties to the West, these ties are also abundant, particularly in Eastern Europe (Hungarians) and Southeast Europe. We became related and interbred with Slavs (Serbs, Bosnians, Bulgarians, Croats, Slovenes), Romanians and Albanians.

4) New Conventions: East and China

Another main source that we will feed on about the convention is the Far East. The Chinese are our oldest neighbors. I am attaching the study titled “Cultural exchange between Turkey and China”.

The share of the East in the determination of conventions will also begin to increase. Convention perceptions of China, which will rise to the position of superpower twenty years later, will also change the status quo of existing conventions. We have cultural and genetic exchanges with our former neighbors, the Chinese. In addition, the East Turkestan problem restricts relations.

The Battle of Talas in 751; the Chinese and the Turks parted ways; There had been a war in which the Chinese advance to the West was stopped and the Turks’ journey to the West became more certain. This war was an important turning point in history. The situation of both nations against each other shows that we are again approaching a turning point in the coming decades. There are also inputs to Turkish culture in the first emergence of China in ancient times. Also, China’s official name is Zhongguo, that is, the central country. A country that says it is at the center of the world will have its own convention. The concepts of “Emerging Asia and the East” will come to the fore more for the Convention. What kind of convention do you think the East will force?

ANATOLIAN CIVILIZATIONS

  1. aiolis
  2. Assyria
  3. Bithynia
  4. Çatalhöyük (neolithic)
  5. Çaydibi (neolithic)
  6. eastern Roman
  7. Phrygia
  8. Galatia
  9. Hittite
  10. Ionia
  11. Cappadocia
  12. Caria
  13. Kayaönü (neolithic)
  14. Cilicia
  15. Commagene
  16. Lydia
  17. Lycia
  18. Lycaonia
  19. Mysia
  20. Ottoman
  21. Paphlagonia
  22. Pamphylia
  23. Pisidia
  24. Pontos
  25. Rome
  26. Seljuk
  27. Thrace
  28. Troy
  29. Turkey
  30. Urartian

BALKAN CIVILIZATIONS

  1. Albania
  2. Bulgaria
  3. ancient greece
  4. Crete
  5. Alexander’s Empire
  6. Hungary
  7. Mycenaean
  8. Romania
  9. Slavic Civilization

CONVENTIONS: GREEK AND RUMELI ,  Dr.Tamer Yılmaz

What is the point? Isn’t it consolidation that Rumelia belongs to Turkey? There are multiple ways to do this.

Let’s make Rumelia Turkeli and then insist that we use it so that everyone, local and foreign, can use this new word, just because we want it. However, it is
much more difficult for them to accept something that we have made up, than to accept and change a use they have made incorrectly .

I think it would be more appropriate to put the word Rum on a historically and scientifically correct platform instead of burying it.

Rum means Roman. There is no such state as eastern Rome in history. There is only Rome. Even the Byzantine city-state bore the name of the Roman Empire, minted coins under this name, and bills, deeds, legal writings were always expressed with these words. The Eastern Roman and Byzantine empires have been used by western historians since the 17th century. The reason for this is that when they accepted the Roman Empire as their base of civilization, they created a Rome rival to Istanbul under the Holy-Roman-Germanic empire. The Holy Roman Germanic Empire was founded by francs, Germans, Goths, etc., who had nothing to do with Rome. Istanbul has strongly objected to this development, and I think they have rightly defended that no organization other than themselves can use this name as a state.Later, Fatih Sultan Mehmet was crowned as the Roman Emperor. Even the Vatican would accept this, but he wanted Fatih to recognize the Vatican in Italy as the only representative of Christianity. As it is known, there was a Roman Catholic Church in the Vatican and a Roman Orthodox Church in Anatolia at that time. He gave support to the Orthodox Church in order to provide the support of Fatih’s subjects.

The current name of the Roman Orthodox Church in Turkish is the Greek Orthodox Church. But for some reason, since the 20th century, this name has been translated into English as the “Greek Orthodox Church”, which is the name that needs to be corrected, as well as corrected in the united nations and international platforms.As it is known, there was a Roman Catholic Church in the Vatican and a Roman Orthodox Church in Anatolia at that time. He gave support to the Orthodox Church in order to provide the support of Fatih’s subjects. The current name of the Roman Orthodox Church in Turkish is the Greek Orthodox Church.

But for some reason, since the 20th century, this name has been translated into English as the “Greek Orthodox Church”, which is the name that needs to be corrected, as well as corrected in the united nations and international platforms.As it is known, there was a Roman Catholic Church in the Vatican and a Roman Orthodox Church in Anatolia at that time. He gave support to the Orthodox Church in order to provide the support of Fatih’s subjects. The current name of the Roman Orthodox Church in Turkish is the Greek Orthodox Church.

But for some reason, since the 20th century, this name has been translated into English as the “Greek Orthodox Church”, which is the name that needs to be corrected, as well as corrected in the united nations and international platforms.Since the century, this name has been translated into English as the “Greek Orthodox Church”, which is the name that needs to be corrected, as well as corrected in the united nations and international platforms.Since the century, this name has been translated into English as the “Greek Orthodox Church”, which is the name that needs to be corrected, as well as corrected in the united nations and international platforms.

The name Greek cannot be reduced to a simple one like “Anatolian Greek”, and the term “Anatolian Greek” is already wrong. This reduction was made especially by the West and especially by the Greeks. Because they have made a convention for the word “Greek” in international platforms by combining all different concepts such as Greek, Greek, Greek, Hellen, and Cypriot. It is derived from the form of real Greek = Yonan = Ionan = Ionian. So even Greece, which we use alone, is wrong, and this is the word that should be buried.

In Anatolia, Galatians, Phrygians, Capadoccians, and Turks who emigrated at an early time have always been given Roman citizenship, and they have gladly done this as a reaction against the belittling of Anatolians by the Hellenes in the coastal towns. In other words, the Greeks were born as a reaction to the Greeks in the real sense. The real name of the Anatolian Seljuk State was “Anatolian Greek Sultanate”, the name it used in bills, title deeds and official correspondence. These subjects are taught incorrectly in school books, and as a result, young people who grow up with this information unfortunately harbor a dislike for the word “Greek”.

Instead of changing Rumelia with a made-up name like Turkeli just for ideological reasons, I think it would be more effective if the basis and meaning of the Greek name were explained to everyone and a justifiable struggle was given against its use as an equivalent with the word “Greek”. Otherwise, we have become bride and groom ourselves, who cares. The word Rum is a key word that stands against the biased comments and reviews of the West. If this word goes away, it will be difficult to disprove the information that the west feeds us.

The international convention is the word “Helen”. This is especially the ingenuity of England. The Greeks’ clinging to this convention literally fell into my filthy pear mouth. What should we do, God gives oil to some and makes others eat kelp.

Even the Greeks applied to the UN following the 2nd World War and petitioned for their name to be “Helenya”. However, Western states rejected this under the idea that “World civilization belongs to the whole world”. Even today, the postage stamps of Greece write “Ellas”, which is not officially recognized by anyone. However, writing Helen = Greek has become an unofficial convention by Onasis and immigrant Greeks from the US and western writers in love with Greek. Thus, almost everything in Anatolia was put under the Hellenic umbrella. Although the Greek, Greek, Hellenic and Greek usages are very strong, they must first be converted into a historical and realistic convention in Turkish.

What about our own convention? The existing convention is the Central Asian nationalism that the West has put into our hands for us. This is a convention that we cannot easily give up because of the new geopolitical developments and the inertia of the old one, even though it hasn’t worked so far and even created a dissipation in Turkey and the Ottoman Empire. If you notice, we have good and bad developing relations with the Turkic republics. And we collect the fruits. And hopefully we will see greater benefits in the future. We have two more conventions, hitherto untouched: our cultural and genetic ties with the Ottoman Empire and the West.

The increase in our ties with our Ottoman Empire neighbors can be a source for the development of our relations. For example, let’s assume that a cultural event similar to “Commonwealth” has started. At certain intervals, the Ottoman Empire is commemorated, ceremonies are held, and former “sanjak lords” are invited to these ceremonies. And he is honored as a representative of the Ottoman Empire for their contributions. If we treat our neighbors with dignity, the Ottoman Empire becomes a cultural event, an excuse to get together, rather than being seen as an element of oppression of the past.

The approach with the West requires a separate convention: let me divide this convention into two sub-conventions: Roman and Celts. Rome is a civilization that the west has worshiped since ancient times. Ketller and Celtic nostalgia is a phenomenon that has been worshiped for the last 30 years. We are related to the West through the Galatians, which has been proven in the researches thanks to the P5 gene (?). If you say Rome, we have a long relationship as a people, almost 1500-2000 years.

After all, we must have a convention that fits whichever side we are approaching. There is nothing to be ashamed of in that. This is this very mixture that we are in and that is “no longer divisible,” that is, reality itself. Of course, this is a situation that we have not been able to get used to ideologically until now. However, from any realistic point of view, historically, geologically, politically, economically, Turkey is a bridge. Although we have somehow accepted that Turkey is a geographical bridge, we have not yet accepted that it is a genetic, cultural, linguistic, religious, historical and intellectual bridge.

The reason for this is the theories of “purity” and “racism”. However, we can still argue that taking refuge in Darwin’s theory and getting involved is actually a beautiful and beneficial thing. On the contrary, it is clear that being closed to oneself and “internal reproduction” will bring stigma and corruption to societies in every respect.In other words, our weakest part, our “unconventionality”, may actually be our strongest point.

We are almost as much Turkish as we are Western, Middle Eastern, Roman, Celtic, etc. If “guma” means 2nd lady (see Sopranos series) in Sicilian bays, if cheese is “kesh” from the heart of Anatolia to Ireland, then there is no point in denying our kinship with the west. Maybe we can gather all of these in one convention and say “My greatest (or richest) wife”. Turkey: The Great Divide or the Great Union”

Actually, I don’t even need to say all this. Because the general trend in Turkey is in that direction. Things that should happen, albeit gropingly, are slowly happening. (This can even be seen from your Balkanpazar.net.) www.galloturca.com is also my page.

5G: The Largest Networks of 12,000 Years…

  5G: Steppe (Step) and Agriculture Belt synthesis

  1. Göbeklitepe (9600-8200 BC)
  2. Gokturk (552-744)
  3. İsmail Gaspıralı, 1851-1914,
  4. Sultan Galiyev 1880-1940
  5. Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev (1912-1992)

Please click on the links below.

 

 

Hagia Sophia = Kutadgu Bilig: HOLY KNOWLEDGE

The meanings of Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) and Kutadgu Bilig (Horasan) are the same; HOLY KNOWLEDGE.

The line that Alexander the Great headed with the Asian Expedition in 334 BC is a multicultural line; Alexander also went all the way to India from that line.

On that line, there are meridian 0 (Hagia Sophia, Istanbul) and zero (Harezmi, Horasan).


The  universality of culture is the fact that Hagia Sophia and Kutadgu Bilig in the first written works of our history have the same meaning.

Knowledge in Ida, Love in Ida
Love with Knowledge, Knowledge with Love
Hagia Sophia , holy Wisdom
holy Knowledge, Kutadgu Bilig
Yusuf Has Hacib
 

Written languages ​​sprung from Sumerian

Source: Atlas of Philosophy; Spaces and Ways of Thinking,
Elmar Holenstein, Küre Publications, June 2015

ENGLISH/TURKISH

Sumerian Turkish Comparison, Muazzez İlmiye Çığ

Root Language Search, Haluk Berkmen

Sumerian, Haluk Berkmen

From Cuneiform to Letters, Haluk Berkmen

Bel, Cybele, Hypatia, Kublai; Haluk Berkmen

Dravidian, Sumerian and Turkish; Haluk Berkmen

From Sumer to Egypt by Haluk Berkmen

ENGLISH

Towards Sumer and Elam, Haluk Berkmen

Hittite and Sumerian, Haluk Berkmen

The Sumerian Language by Haluk Berkmen

A morphological and syntactical study of Sumerian and Turkish

Author:SÜLEYMAN ERATALAY
Supervisor: DOÇ . DR. MUSTAFA SARICA ; ASSOC. DR. YUSUF KILIÇ Geographical
Information: Yüzüncü Yıl University / Institute of Social Sciences / Department of Turkish Language and Literature / Department of Turkish Language
Subject: Linguistics = Linguistics ; Ancient Languages ​​and Cultures = Ancient Linguistics and Cultures ; Turkish Language and Literature = Turkish Language and Literature
Index:Dil = Language ; Linguistics = Linguistics ; Sumerian = Sumerian language ; Turkish language = Approved
PhD
Turkish
2014
483 p.Sumerian BC. It is the language of the oldest known writing, dating back to 3500 BC. The first documented written example of Turkish is AD VIII. Orkhon Monuments dated to the middle of the century. This study, in which we compare Sumerian and Turkish in terms of morphological and syntactical aspects, has a diachronic perspective since the two languages ​​were written at different times. such studies focus on the evolution of languages ​​over time. Of these languages ​​that we examined, Turkish is in the Ural-Altaic language family, while Sumerian does not belong to any language family.Although the languages ​​in question do not belong to the same language family, it is known that they are formally related languages. Although lexical comparisons have been made about Sumerian and Turkish in our country, no structural comparison has been made to reveal their morphological and syntactic features. With this study, it is aimed to eliminate the deficiencies in the field. Our study is based on two main sections: morphological features and comparison and syntactic features and comparison.These analyzes were made comparatively by using distributional analysis methods. The data obtained in the two sections were brought together and explained in the evaluation section.  According to the results obtained, while the interesting and important common points of the two languages ​​were revealed, it was determined that there were some fundamental differences.  These determinations are clearly revealed in the conclusion section.

Sumerian is known the oldest language type from 3500 BC, but the first written examples of Turkish, where have been identified Orkhon Inscriptions, are dated to the middle of the VIII century. In this study which we compares Sumerian and Turkish in morphologic and syntactic aspects has a diachronic point of view, because these two languages ​​have been written at different times. This sort of studies are focused on the evolution of languages ​​in time.

While Sumerian is not a member of any language family, our subject to review of Turkish language is included in Ural-Altaic family. although the both languages ​​are not belonged to the same language family; they are known to be agglutinated languages ​​in stylistically. Although many lexical comparisons for Turkish and Sumerian are made in our country, have not been made any structural comparison to reveal morphologic and syntactic characteristics.

This study aims to correct the deficiencies in this field. This study based on researches of two main sections which are morphological features and comparison, syntactic features and comparison. These researches are performed in using distributional analysis methods in a comparative manner.

The data obtained in two parts is described together at the evaluation part. According to the obtained results, while exposing outstanding and important points in common of two languages, have identified some basic differences. These findings are set out clearly in the results section.

Turkish State Philosophy

“We established 20 States in 3000 years”  

The concept of the state is directly related to contemplation.

States are formed as a result of contemplation.

The longest-lasting states, the Hun Empire and the Ottoman Empire; It shows that the beginning and ending contemplations are solid and permanent.

The distinguishing feature of our Civilization of Contemplation is its ability to form a State and its ability to organize.

The number of States established in 3000 years is 20.

  • 1100 BC – 0: 3 States
  • AD 0- 500 : 2 States
  • 500 – 1000 AD: 6 States
  • AD 1000 – 1500: 7 States
  • 1500-2000 AD: 2 States

The first state was the State of Zhu, which came to life in the lands of China in 1000 BC.

Turks established 20 states in 3000 years and established sovereignty in 75 countries. Except for 2 of these states, the other 18 are states with a coast to the sea.

Our State, which provides dominance in the most countries; It is the Ottoman Empire, known as Devlet-i Ali.

The longest-lasting states are, in order:

  • Ottoman Empire, Osman Gazi, 1299-1922:              623 years
  • Great Hun Empire Teoman, 220 BC – 216 AD:      436 years
  • Karakhanid State, Bilge Ash Kadir Khan, 840-1212:              372 years
  • Khazar Khaganate, Böri Şad, 651-983:                              332 years
  • Mughal Empire, Mughal, 1526-1858:                          332 years

occurred in the form.

Among the 20 established states, the first 2 states with the longest duration are; The first established HUN EMPIRE was the last established OTTOMAN EMPIRE.

In the ranking of the countries where Turkish States have sovereignty;

  • 10 States each, Uzbekistan, Russia and Turkmenistan
  • 9 States and Afghanistan, China
  • 8 States and Kazakhstan, Tajikistan
  • 7 States and Georgia, Iran, Pakistan

ranked among the top 10 countries.

Of the 20 established states, 17 were centered in Asia, 2 in Europe (European Huns, Ottoman Imps), and 1 in Africa (Mamluks). The center of gravity is Asia.

The countries with the most sovereignty are listed in the Asian (Front Asia-Eurasia-Turkestan-East Asia) geographies. In the European and African geographies, sovereignty was provided by 1 or 2 States.

While sovereignty was provided on the shores of 11 seas, the most numerous states were established on the shores of the Caspian, Black Sea, Arabian Sea and Basra.

While the roof of our states was in China in the 1600 years of origin (1100 BC – 500 AD), with the Talas War in 750 AD, the descent of China to the Middle East was prevented and the Turks settled in Transoxiana, Khorasan, Iran and then in the Middle East geography (Iraq, Syria) in the region. They established states and conquered dynasties.

After the conquest of Anatolia in 1071, after a period of fermentation of 300 years, this time the Rumelian conquests were started and the 600-year Rumelian Empire was paved.

The Chu State, whose foundations were laid along the Yellow River, continued as the State-i Ali along the Blue Danube.

Today, our historical references to Asia begin with the Orkhon Inscriptions and Bilge Kagan in Mongolia, and do not go back to the state formations of the Gokturks, which date back to 700 AD.

However, the geography where Turkish state formations came to life is the processes that started in the lands of Kansu and Shensi provinces in China, starting from 3000 BC and leading to the establishment of the Zhou State in 1000 BC.

The mission of the Hun State, our first World State, which was founded by Oğuz Kağan in the early 200s BC and became legendary, has been the indispensable mission of all Turkish States that took their place in history:

More sea, more moray (rivers)
Let the sun be a flag, the sky kurikan (tent) !

ATAM Oguz Kagan

The Turks; They eliminated their opponents by allying with the Arabs against China and the Kurds against Iran.

Islam and the Caliphate had brought the Turks to wide geographies.

As a result of the deliberate thought that blamed Islam and the Caliphate for the collapse, first the Arabs were fought and the Empire collapsed.

Then, after the establishment of the Republic, this time the newly established Republic was targeted over the Kurds.

The main goal of our adversaries is to prevent the Turks from re-alliance with the Arabs and Kurds.

The Turks had eliminated their enemies, China, and prevented them from landing in the Middle East.

Likewise, by eliminating Iran, the Turks consolidated their position in the Middle East.

The forces that want to keep the Turks away from the Middle East are applying the strategy of turning these alliances into enmity through Syria, Egypt and Iraq.

 

Ottoman Historians in the Balkans and Central/Eastern Europe

http://bulgaristanalperenleri.blogspot.com.tr/2012/01/stoyan-dinkov-osmanli-imparatorlugu.html

http://www.genelturktarihi.net/bulgar-tarihci-ezber-bozuzun#!prettyPhoto

Stoyan Dinkov, Bulgaria

Dimitri Kitsikis, Greece
Evangelie Balta, Greece

Nicolae Iorga, Romanian

Arminius Vambery, Hungarian
Bernát Munkácsi, Hungarian
Gyula Németh, Hungarian
György Hazai, Hungarian
Ignác Kúnos, Hungarian
László Rásonyi, Hungarian
József Thury, Hungarian

Tibor Halasi-Kun, Hungarian

Andreas Tietze, Austrian
Hammer, Austrian

Albania
Kosovo
Bosnia
Croatia
Macedonia
Croatia

Fikret Adanir  http://fass.sabanciuniv.edu/tr/sudirectorystaffdetay/1275

 

Babinger

 

Machiel Kiel: Articles from the Encyclopedia of Islam

https://islamancyclopedisi.org.tr/muellif/machiel-kiel
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The search word was detected in 107 records.
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ATHENS

year: 1991, volume: 4, pages: 74-76
Greece’s capital and largest settlement.
Machiel Kielmaterial consists of 2 parts. Chapter 1 was written by  Machiel Kiel .


AVLONY

year: 1991, volume: 4, pages: 118-120
An important port city in Southern Albania.
Machiel Kiel


AYAMAVRA

year: 1991, volume: 4, page: 194-195
The name given to the present city of Levkas in Greece during the Ottoman period.
Machiel Kiel


BADRACIK

year: 1991, volume: 4, page: 421 The
name of the Greek town of Ypate in the Ottoman period.
Machiel Kiel


BALYABADRA

year: 1992, volume: 5, pages: 42-43 The
Ottoman period name of Patras, one of the major port cities in the northwest of the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


BELGRADCIK

year: 1992, vol: 5, pp: 409-410
A small town of Vidin in Northwest Bulgaria, which today bears the name Belogradzaik.
Machiel Kiel


BENEFŞE

year: 1992, volume: 5, page: 434-436 The
name given by the Turks to Monemvasia, located at the eastern end of the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece, during the Ottoman rule.
Machiel Kiel


BERKOFÇA

year: 1992, volume: 5, page: 510-511
A town in northwestern Bulgaria, which today bears the name of Berkòvitsa.
Machiel Kiel

CUMA
year: 1993, volume: 8, pages: 89-90
Names of several Ottoman towns in Southeast Europe.
Machiel Kiel


DARIDERE

year: 1993, volume: 8, pages: 492-494
An old Ottoman town in the south of Bulgaria, today’s name is Zlatograd.
Machiel Kiel

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DELİORMAN

year: 1994, volume: 9, page: 141-144
A region in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


DEMİRHİSAR

year: 1994, volume: 9, page: 151-152 The
name of Siderokastro town in Macedonian part of Greece in Ottoman times.
Machiel Kiel


DİMETOKA

year: 1994, volume: 9, pages: 305-308
An old Ottoman town in the Thrace part of Greece.
Machiel Kiel


DRAC

year: 1994, vol: 9, pp: 522-524
An important port city on the Adriatic coast in Albania.
Machiel Kiel


DUPNICH

year: 1994, volume: 10, page: 2-4
A small city in Western Bulgaria, today’s name is Stanke Dimitrov.
Machiel Kiel


EĞRİBOZ

year: 1994, volume: 10, pages: 491-493
An old Ottoman sanjak in eastern Greece and the city that was the center of this sanjak.
Machiel Kiel


ERGİRİKASRI

year: 1995, volume: 11, page: 298-299 The
name of the city of Gjirokaster in Southern Albania during the Ottoman period.
Machiel Kiel


ESEDÂBÂD

year: 1995, volume: 11, page: 368
An old Muslim-Turkish town in Central Greece that does not exist today.
Machiel Kiel


ESKİCUMA

year: 1995, volume: 11, pages: 396-397
A small town in the plain of Northeast Bulgaria, now called Tărgovište.
Machiel Kiel


FERECİK

year: 1995, volume: 12, pages: 371-373
An old Ottoman town in the Thrace part of Greece, today known as Ferai.
Machiel Kiel

 

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Plovdiv

year: 1996, volume: 13, pages: 79-82
An old Ottoman city in the southern part of Bulgaria, the present name of which is Plovdiv.
Machiel Kiel


FLORINA

year: 1996, volume: 13, pages: 164-165
a town in the Macedonian part of Greece.
Machiel Kiel


GORDAS

year: 1996, volume: 14, pages: 154-156
A town in the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece, which today bears the name of Korinthos.
Machiel Kiel


GORGEOUS

year: 1996, vol: 14, pp: 157-158
An old Ottoman town in the southeastern part of Albania.
Machiel Kiel


GUMULCINE

year: 1996, volume: 14, pages: 268-270
An old Ottoman town in the Thrace part of Greece.
Machiel Kiel


HEZARGRAD

year: 1998, volume: 17, pages: 297-300
An old Ottoman city in northeastern Bulgaria, today known as Razgrad.
Machiel Kiel


İHTİMAN

year: 2000, vol: 21, pp: 571-572
A small town in central Bulgaria founded by the Ottomans.
Machiel Kiel


İLBASAN

year: 2000, volume: 22, pages: 79-81
is a historical city in Albania.
Machiel Kiel


İNEBAHTI

year: 2000, volume: 22, page:
285-287 The name of the town of Navpaktos in the Gulf of Corinth in Greece during the Ottoman period.
Machiel Kiel


SILK

year: 2000, volume: 22, pages: 366-368
An old town in Kosovo.
Machiel Kiel

 

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Xanthi

year: 2000, vol 22, pp 553-555
in Greece, Xanthi in Thrace part of a city name today.
Machiel Kiel


İSLİMYE

year: 2001, volume: 23, pages: 73-75 The
city ​​in Bulgaria, which today bears the name of Sliven.
Machiel Kiel


ISTEFE

year: 2001, volume: 23, page: 312-314 The
name of the city of Thebes in Greece during the Ottoman period.
Machiel Kiel


İŞKODRA

year: 2001, vol: 23, pp: 433-434
A historic city in Northwest Albania.
Machiel Kiel


ISTIP

year: 2001, volume: 23, page: 440-442
An old Ottoman city known as mtip in the Republic of Macedonia today.
Machiel Kiel


İZDİN

year: 2001, volume: 23, pages: 505-506
The city whose current name is Lamia in Central Greece.
Machiel Kiel


İZLÂDİ

year: 2001, volume: 23, pages: 513-515 A township
center in Bulgaria during the Ottoman period.
Machiel Kiel


KARAFERYE

year: 2001, vol: 24, pp: 391-394 The
city ​​in the south of Greek Macedonia, today’s Béroia (Véria).
Machiel Kiel – Eleni Gara


KARİNÂBÂD

year: 2001, volume: 24, page: 490-492
An old Ottoman township center in eastern Bulgaria, today called Karnobat.
Machiel Kiel


KARLI-ILY

year: 2001, vol: 24, pp: 499-502
An Ottoman sanjak in Western Greece.
Machiel Kiel

 

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KARLOVA

year: 2001, volume: 24, pages: 508-509 It
is a city established in Bulgaria during the Ottoman rule.
Machiel Kiel


KAVALA

year: 2002, volume: 25, pages: 60-62
Port city in Macedonian part of Greece.
Machiel Kiel


KAZANLIK

year: 2002, volume: 25, pages: 138-140
An old Ottoman town center in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


KESRİYE

year: 2002, vol: 25, pp: 311-312
An old Ottoman town center in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


KIRÇOVA

year: 2002, volume: 25, page: 440
An old Ottoman town center in the Republic of Macedonia.
Machiel Kiel


KONICE

year: 2002, vol: 26, pp: 173-174,
a historical town in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Machiel Kiel


KORON

year: 2002, vol: 26, pp: 208-209,
a historical city in the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


KOSTENDIL

year: 2002, volume: 26, page: 277-279
A historical city and former sanjak center in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


KRUYA

year: 2002, volume: 26, page: 293-295
A historical town and castle in Albania, which was called Akçahisar during the Ottoman period.
Machiel Kiel


KUMANOVA

year: 2002, vol: 26, pp: 363-364
is a historical city in the Republic of Macedonia.
Machiel Kiel

 

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SECRET

year: 2003, vol: 27, pp: 141-142
is a historical city in Albania.
Machiel Kiel


LIVADYA

year: 2003, vol: 27, pp: 197-198
An old Ottoman town center and historical city in Central Greece.
Machiel Kiel


LIVNO

year: 2003, vol: 27, pp: 200-202
An old Ottoman town in western Bosnia.
Machiel Kiel


LOFCA

year: 2003, vol: 27, pp: 203-205
is a historical city in Northwest Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


LÜLEBURGAZ

year: 2003, volume: 27, pages: 255-256 The
district center of Kırklareli in Thrace.
Machiel Kiel


MEZISTRE

year: 2004, vol: 29, pp: 545-546
A historical city in the south of the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


Mytilene

year: 2005, volume: 30, page: 11-14,
Greek island in the Aegean Sea.
Machiel Kiel


MODON

year: 2005, vol: 30, pp: 222-224
is a historical city in the southwestern part of the Peloponnese in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


MORA

year: 2005, volume: 30, pages: 280-285
The name given to the historical Peloponnesos peninsula in southern Greece.
Machiel Kiel – John Alexander


NEVESİN

year: 2007, vol: 33, pp: 44-45
An old Ottoman town in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Machiel Kiel

 

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NEVREKOP

year: 2007, vol: 33, pp: 54-55
is a historical town in southwestern Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


NİĞBOLU

year: 2007, volume: 33, pages: 87-89
is a historical town on the Danube coast in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


NIS

year: 2007, volume: 33, pages: 147-149
An old Ottoman provincial center, historical city in Serbia.
Machiel Kiel


OSMANPAZARI

year: 2007, volume: 34, page: 1-2
An old Ottoman town in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


ÖZİÇE

year: 2007, volume: 34, pages: 127-129
A historical city in Serbia.
Machiel Kiel


PLEVNE

year: 2007, vol: 34, pp: 302-303
is a historical city in Northern Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


PODGORICA

year: 2007, volume: 34, pages: 306-307
is a historical city in Montenegro.
Machiel Kiel


PRAVADI

year: 2007, vol: 34, pp: 339-340
is a historical city in Bulgaria, today known as Provadia.
Machiel Kiel


PRISTINA

year: 2007, vol: 34, pp: 346-348
Historical city, which is now the center of the autonomous region of Kosovo.
Machiel Kiel


PRIZREN

year: 2007, vol: 34, pp: 349-351
is a historical city in Kosovo.
Machiel Kiel

 

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RAHOVA

year: 2007, vol: 34, pp: 424-425
An ancient fortress and town in Bulgaria, which today bears the name Orjahovo.
Machiel Kiel


RODOS

year: 2008, vol: 35, pp: 155-158 An
island in the southeast of the Aegean Sea, today a part of Greece.
Machiel Kiel


RUSSIAN

year: 2008, volume: 35, pages: 246-250 It
is a historical city in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


SAMAKOV

year: 2009, volume: 36, pages: 62-64
is a historical city in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


YELLOW SALTUK

year: 2009, volume: 36, page: 147-150
An alperen whose name has been formed with the effect of Turkification and Islamization of Anatolia and the Balkans.
Machiel Kiel


THESSALONIKI

year: 2009, vol: 36, pp: 352-357
A historical city in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


SELVİ

year: 2009, vol: 36, pp: 451-452
is a historical town in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


SMENDIRE

year: 2009, vol: 36, pp: 467-470
A historical city in Serbia.
Aleksandar Fotic – Machiel Kiel


SILISTRE

year: 2009, volume: 37, pages: 202-205
A historical city in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


ŞEHİRKÖY

year: 2010, volume: 38, page: 454-456
The name of the Serbian town of Pirot in the Ottoman period.
Machiel Kiel

 

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NOW

year: 2010, volume: 39, pages: 227-230
A historical city in Northern Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


TARTAR MARKET

year: 2011, volume: 40, pages: 170-172
A historical city in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel – Grigor Boykov


OVER THE TOP

year: 2011, vol: 40, pp: 475-476
A historical town in Albania.
Machiel Kiel


THESALIA

year: 2011, vol: 40, pp: 522-526
Historical region in the central part of Greece.
Machiel Kiel


TIRHALA

year: 2012, volume: 41, pages: 114-116
A historical city in Thessaly, Greece.
Machiel Kiel


TIRNOVA

year: 2012, volume: 41, pages: 117-118
A historical town in Thessaly, Greece.
Machiel Kiel


TIRNOVA

year: 2012, volume: 41, pages: 118-122
is a historical city in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


TIRANA

year: 2012, volume: 41, pages: 193-195 Capital
city ​​of Albania.
Machiel Kiel


TRAVNIK

year: 2012, vol: 41, pp: 308-311
A historical town in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Machiel Kiel


TREBİNYE

year: 2012, volume: 41, pages: 311-312
is a historical city in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Machiel Kiel

 

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TRIPOLICE

year: 2012, vol: 41, pp: 314-315
A historical city in the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


TUZLA

year: 2012, volume: 41, pages: 453-455
is a historical city in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Machiel Kiel


USTRUMCA

year: 2012, volume: 42, page: 191-193
A historical town in Macedonia.
Machiel Kiel


USTULCE

year: 2012, vol: 42, pp: 193-195
A historical town in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Machiel Kiel


VALYEVA

year: 2012, volume: 42, pages: 500-501
is a historical city in Serbia.
Machiel Kiel


VARNA

year: 2012, vol: 42, pp: 524-527
A historical port city on the Black Sea coast in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


VELESTIN

year: 2013, vol: 43, pp: 22-24
A historical town in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


VIDIN

year: 2013, volume: 43, pages: 103-106
is a historical city in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


VODINA

year: 2013, volume: 43, pages: 119-122
It is a historical city in the Macedonian region of Greece, which today bears the name Edessa.
Machiel Kiel


YANBOLU

year: 2013, volume: 43, pp: 312-315
is a historical city in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel

 

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YANYA

year: 2013, vol: 43, pp: 317-321
is a historical city in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


YENİCE-i KARASU

year: 2013, volume: 43, page: 443-445
is a historical town in the Western Thrace region of Greece.
Machiel Kiel


YENİCE-i VARDAR

year: 2013, volume: 43, page: 445-448
A historical town in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


YENİCE-i ZAĞRA

year: 2013, volume: 43, pages: 448-450
is a historical town in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel


YENİPAZAR

year: 2013, volume: 43, pages: 471-473 A
town in Bulgaria founded by the Ottomans.
Machiel Kiel


YENİŞEHİR

year: 2013, volume: 43, page: 473-476
is a historical city in Greece.
Machiel Kiel


ZİŞTOVA

year: 2013, vol: 44, pp: 465-467
A historical city on the Danube bank in Bulgaria.
Machiel Kiel

Machiel Kiel: İslam Ansiklopedisi Makaleleri

Thoughts of Turks.

Thought: Mission, Vision; Visionary Thinkers: 10 Thinkers

Tuesday, August 25, 2015

Trivet in Turkish Intellectual History (3): Ancient Missions and Visions Over 2200 Years

Our Civilization of Contemplation

Missionary/Visionary Thinkers

  • States, Empires
  • Geographies, Basins

How much contemplation

He is so grateful

how contemplative

So many states

So much empire

So much geography

Summary; Power in contemplation; when you are complete and contemplative…

When we reach our ancient history of more than 2200 years, the ten Magnificent Thinkers who will shine like the stars of the realms forever; that carried us to this day and that will illuminate our path and directions in the 3000’s; Our unquenchable horizons are our banners.

1- Oguz Kagan
2- Bilge Tonyukuk
3- Yusuf Has Hacip
4- Imam-i Azam Ebu Hanife
5- Nizamülmülk
6- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Han
7- Yavuz Sultan Selim Han
8- Katip Çelebi
9- Evliya Çelebi
10- Mimar Sinan

Our Thinkers of Ages;

  • They laid out the Founding Mission;
  • They eliminated China and Iran, our historical enemies,
  • They kept Europe under constant pressure,
  • Having united faith and reason, they formed the largest sect of Islam and brought together a huge geography where our hearts beat in the same direction and our hearts united,
  • They wrote our constitutions,
  • They published the State Ordinance,
  • They crossed the Seas and Rivers and united the Continents.

The enemies of our Civilization of Contemplation are at the point reached;

  • By making their choices in the direction of Domination (Hegemony), they became sterile in the dimension of contemporaneity and remained far from the level of perfection;
  • They developed an exclusionary identity with a self-centered Sinocentric, Aryan, Euro understanding,
  • They have not even reached the stage of village democracy, which cannot even elect their headman (China),
  • turned into a religious/military organization under the attack of a religious class (mullahs) (Iran),
  • While they were developing and growing their own troops, they exported chaos to the countries around them with the constant divide/conquer myopia.
  • in the last decade they have transformed the European Union into German Hegemony (Europe),
  • They targeted Turkey’s regional power by adding China to the anti-Ottoman Euro-Iranian Alliance from history.

The Turkish equivalent of the philosopher is BİLGE.

  • The equivalent of “Philosopher Emperors”  (Marcus Aurelius, Julianus Apostat) in the Roman Empire  Oğuz Kagan, Bilge Kagan and  “Philosopher Popes”  (Gerbertus Aureliacensis, Silvester II, Petrus Hispanus II, Ioannes XXI, Enea Silvio Piccolomini, Pius ) in our civilization  , Leo XIII) corresponds to  Bilge Tonyukuk, Gazali, Nizamülmülk, Yusuf Has Hacib, Kınalızade, Şeyh Edebali, Hacı Bektaşı Veli, Ahmet Cevdet Pasha .

 

Turkish Byzantists

  1. Fuat Köprülü, 1890-1966
  2. Semavi Eyice, 1922-
  3. Isin Demirkent, 1938-2006
  4. Stefanos Yerasimos, 1942-2005
  5. S.Yildiz Otuken, 1945-
  6. İsmail Tokalak, 1953-
  7. Engin Akyurek, 1957
  8. Nevra Necipoğlu, 1959-