Bozdoğan Kemeri Mart 21, 1974

© Copyright photo by Levent Ağaoğlu

Tarihi yarımadanın göbeğinde MS 373 de bitirilen 1650 yıl öteden Valens Roma Su Kemeri. Yürüyen hemşehriler, Dodge dolmuş ve belediye otobüsü kareyi süslüyor. Soğuk bir kış günü ve dalları yalnız, yapraksız mahzun ağaçlar. Bozdogan Kemeri 21 Aralık 1974

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Malazgirt Muharebesi Öncesinde Anadolu ve Trakya’nın Etnik Yapısı “1071”

İnsan soyunun coğrafyalara değişik zamanlarda yerleşimleri incelendiğinde ki bu konuda en çarpıcı örnek Türkiye coğrafyasıdır, kıtalar arası bir geçiş noktasıdır ve doğudan batıya doğru uzanan tek yarımadadır, yegane yarımadadır ve  insanlık tarihine ilişkin enteresan verileri zihnimizde uyandırmaktadır.

Baştaki haritaya baktığımız zaman, dip notunda Türkiye coğrafyasının önce Helenleştiği ardından Romalaştığı en sonunda da Türkleştiğine değinilmektedir. Haritada da birtakım kümelenmeler gözükmektedir, sekizi aşkın kavimlerin Türkiye coğrafyasının kuzeyinde, güneyinde, doğusu ve batısındaki yerleşimleri ve yoğunlaşmaları gösterilmektedir.

Burada şahsen ilgimi çeken bu sekiz kavim arasında Native kelimesi ile ifade edilen yerli halklar ibaresidir. Türkiye coğrafyasında bahsedilen Helenleşme, Romalaşma, Türkleşme dönüşümleri gerçekleştiğinde en temelde yer alan coğrafyanın yerli halklarıydı. Zaman boyutuna, kronolojik göstergelere gittiğimiz zaman, Troya Savaşları Çanakkale’de Milat’tan önce 900 tarihinde gerçekleşmişti. 3000 yıla yakın bir zaman diliminden söz ediyoruz.

Daha öncesinde Helenleşme öncesindeki Anadolu halklarına ilişkin bilgilerimiz ne derecededir? Önemli olan tabanda yer alan zemin boyutundaki zaman derinliğine gitmemiz lazımdır. Göbeklitepe 12.000 yıl önce gerçekleşti ise, ilk Helenleşmenin gerçekleştiği Milattan Sonra 900’e kadar geçen 11.000 yıldan bahsediyoruz bu 11.000 yıl içerisinde Anadolu halkları kimlerdi ve nasıl dönüşüm geçirmişlerdi.

Türkler’e “siz buradan gidin” diyenler de “siz orta Asya’ya gidin” diyenler de daha sonradan gelenler bu 11.000 yıllık süreç içerisinde Türkiye coğrafyasına gelenler de kuzey, güneydoğu, batı değişik yönlerden bu geçiş coğrafyasına, bu yarımadaya gelmişlerdi.

İşte, örneğini verdiğimiz Helenler. Helenler bugünkü yer aldıkları Yunanistan’a bir yerlerden gelmişlerdi, onlar da bir yerlere gitsinler, o zaman geldikleri yere gitsinler. Bu, sorunlu bir mantık yapısıdır.

Türkçeden önce Helen dili de Türkiye coğrafyasının hakim dili haline gelmişti fakat Helenler, Türklerde olduğu gibi Türkiye coğrafyasının her köşesinde yaşamıyorlardı. Sahil kıyılarındaki kolonilerde, ağırlıklı olarak da denizcilik ve ticaretle uğraşmaktaydılar.

Türkiye halklarını gerçek anlamda kaynaştıran aslında Romalılar idi, çünkü Romalılar, insanları yollar ve iletişim şebekeleri ile birbirlerine bağlamayı esas almışlardı. Türkler, Fatih Sultan Mehmet’ten başlayarak da Romalıları örnek almışlar ve geniş bir coğrafyaya hakim olmuşlardı. Günümüzde ise Roma’yı temsil ettiğini, devam ettirdiğini iddia eden Avrupa Birliği ise bu durumda sadece kağıt üstünde bir birlik manzarası göstermektedir.

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Beş Nehir Bölgesi

Doç Dr Tuğrul Kihtir’in 631 sayfalık “Türklerin Ataları” kitabının sonunda  yer alan Dizin kısmında su, nehir, göl ve denizlere ilişkin adlandırmaları bir araya getirdiğimizde ortaya çıkan zengin liste, ataların su yollarını ve kaynaklarını kullanarak Avrasya ve Kuzey Afrika kıtalarında ulaştıkları enginlik ve derinlikleri önümüze sermektedir.

Tuğrul Bey’in yıllar boyu emek vererek meydana getirdiği muhteşem eseri ile biz Türkler için apaçık bir mesaj söz konusudur. Atalar coğrafyası A’dan Z’ye bütün yer ve su adları ile zihnimize nakşedilmelidir. Ataların enerjisi ve azmi, hayat mücadeleleri, söz konusu kıtalarda ayak basılmadık yer bırakmamıştır.

O halde bizler basma kalıp düşüncelerden kendimizi kurtararak, ataların gösterdiği refleksleri zihin ve fikir dünyamızda canlandırarak kavram dünyamızı zenginleştirmeliyiz.

Yapıcı bir örnek vermek gerekirse Türklerin coğrafyasını Türkiye’ye ve civarındaki bölgelere hasreden beş deniz söylemi, Tuğrul Kihtir hocanın kitabı ve sulara izafeten burada ilettiğimiz dizini hesaba katıldığında ortaya başka bir kavram daha çıkacaktır; beş nehir.

Evet Hindistan ve Pakistan arasında paylaşılmış ve kurtuluş savaşımızda da vefakar insanları ile büyük maddi katkılarda bulunmuş olan Pencap eyaletinin anlamı beş nehirdir, beş sudur ve beş nehir Pencap eyaleti topraklarını sulamaktadır.

Diğer yandan ise Hint kıtası kuzeyinde ve Türkistan medeniyet ve coğrafyasının kalbi olan Güney Sibirya verimli topraklarında Altaylardan doğan İrtiş, Yenisey, Angara, Selenga ve Baykal Dağlarından doğan Lena nehri ile birlikte bir başka beş nehir bölgesi daha söz konusudur.

Türk ataları gözümüzde ve zihnimizde en belirgin ve net bir şekilde canlandıracak olan ataların yaşadığı, hayat mücadelelerini büyük acılar ve maceralarla gerçekleştirdikleri coğrafyalar ve bu coğrafyalara iliştirdikleri yer adlarıdır.

Sular akışkan olduklarından bir ekosistem oluşturmakta ve birbirlerine karışmaktadırlar. Denizler, göller, nehirler tüm su kaynakları hep birbirleri ile ilintilidir ve ilişki içindedirler. O halde biz beş denizi ancak ilişkili olduğu kaynakları hesaba katarak anlamlandırabilir ve bu anlamlardan da coğrafyalarımıza hakim olabileceğimiz, bölge dışı güçlerin coğrafyalarımıza gelip çöreklenmelerini engelleyebilecek kapasiteler oluşturabiliriz.

Avrupa, Asya, Afrika kıtalarının kavşak noktasında yer alan beş denizin, bu son derece stratejik konumun, Asya’daki izdüşümü ise beş nehir bölgesidir.

Güney Sibirya‘daki beş nehir bölgesinde Kazakistan Moğolistan, Rusya ve Çin devletleri bir kavşak noktası oluşturmuşlardır. Kaynak ise Altay dağlarının ürettiği su kaynaklarıdır. Neticede bu kaynaklar Kuzey Buz Denizi’ne  dökülmektedir. Beş nehir bölgesi aynı zamanda Türkistan’ın çok sayıda başkentine de ev sahipliği yapmaktadır.

Tuğrul Kihtir bey, “Türklerin Ataları” eseri ile bir gerçeği daha ortaya koymuştur. Atatürk, Türklerin atalarının billurlaşmış bir halidir. Öğrencilerle okulda sohbet eder iken, Baykal gölü gündeme geldiğinde;

“Dünyada en eski denizci milleti Türk milletidir. Çocuklar bunu böyle bilin”

(Edirne Muallim Mektebi 24 Aralık 1930) ifadesi ile Türklerin atalarından bizlere bir emanet bırakan Atatürk’tür.

Suya ilişkin “Türklerin Ataları” kitabında yer alan Dizinin içindeki başlıkların her biri su ekosistemimizin 21. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinden başlamak üzere ne şekilde bir yol haritası kapsamında ilerleyeceğinin ipuçlarıdır. 

Ülkemiz üzerindeki hain planları konusunda milim geri durmayan emperyalist saldırganların vekalet güçleri ile Suriye’de Fırat ve Irak’ta Dicle nehri havzalarında yürüttüğümüz savaşlar, su ekosisteminin önümüzdeki 25 yıllık zaman diliminde ve ötesinde artacak stratejik öneminin ibretlik mücadeleleridir.

SU DİZİNİ

• Abakan nehri
• Akdeniz
• Akgöl (Sagannur,kasaba)
• Altay bölgesi
• Altay Dağları (Altun Yış, Altın Dağ)
• Altaylar
• Altın Nehir bkz. Sarı Nehir
• Amu Derya (Belh, Ceyhun, Kuei, Oxus, Ögüz)
• Amur (Jiang, Heikong, Nan)
• Angara Nehri
• Arakses nehri
• Aral gölü
• Aras nehri
• Argun nehri (Wan, Shi-Jian)
• Aris (Arys) Nehri
• Arktik Okyanusu
• Aronika Nehri
• Balkaş Gölü (Tering Köl)
• Baltık Denizi
• Baltık Gölü
• Bar-Burgazi Nehri
• Barköl
• Başkaus Nehri
• Baykal Gölü
• Belaya Nehri
• Belh Nehri bkz.Amu Derya
• Bosphorus (İstanbul Boğazı)
• Ceyhun Nehri bkz. Amu Derya
• Charmanvati (Chambal) Negri
• Çaşmasiyab Deresi
• Çu Nehri
• Çucı Nehri
• Çulım Nehri
• Çulişman Nehri
• Çuy (Çu) Nehri
• Danubius Nehri.bkz. Tuna nehri
• Dinyeper (Özi, Borysthenes, Danu Apara) Nehri
• Dinyester (Tyras, Turla) Nehri
• Djeguta Nehri
• Don (Tanais, Tın) Nehri
• Donets (nehir)
• Elbe Nehri
• Engiin Gol
• Ertiş Nehri bkz. İrtiş Nehri
• Gerrhos Nehri (Molochna, Tokmak)
• Güney Bug Nehri (Hypanis)
• Güney Sibirya
• Halys Nehri (Kızılırmak)
• Hazar (Caspian) Denizi
• Hemçik Nehri
• Henan (Honan) bölgesi
• Huştu suu (Korsunka) Nehri
• Hyphasis (Beas) Nehri
• Iduk Yer-Sub
• Issık Köl (Isık Gölü)
• Istros bkz. Tuna Nehri
• İdil Nehri (Volga, İtil, Etil)
• İlek Nehri
• İli Nehri (İla, Yili He)
• İnal Deresi
• İndus (nehir, vadi, uygarlık)
• İrtiş (Ertiş) Nehri
• İşim Nehri
• Jem Nehri bkz.Emba
• Kama (Çolman) Nehri
• Karaçay bkz. Kuban Nehri
• Karadeniz (Euxine, Pontus)
• Kara-Kol Nehri
• Karasu (Strymon) Nehri
• Kızıl (Kyzyl, şehir)
• Kızıl-Yenisey
• Kimek (Kimak)
• Kuzey buz denizi (Arktik okyanusu)
• Kuzey denizi
• Liao Nehri
• Lop Nur Gölü
• Lu-hun Gölü
• Mal’ta Çocuğu
• Mal’ta-Buret Kültürü
• Maveraünnehir (Bilad al-Türk, bölge)
• Moldau Nehri (Vltava Nehri)
• Molochna Nehri bkz.Gerrhos
• Nan Nehri (Heilong Jiang, Amur)
• Ne Nehri (No-chen)
• Nil Nehri
• Obi-Rahmat
• Orhun (Orhon) Nehri
• Orhun Vadisi
• Oxus Nehri. bkz.Amu Derya
• Ögüz Nehri. bkz. Amu Derya
• Özi Nehri. bkz. Dinyeper Nehri
• Pantikapes Nehri.
• Pontus (Karadeniz)
• Rajatarangini (Kralların Nehri)
• Ren Nehri
• Sarı Nehir (Altın, Huang Ho)
• Sayan-Altay bölgesi
• Selenge (Selenga) Nehri
• Siri Derya ( Seyhun, Jaxartes, Ögüz, Yinçügüz)
• Strymon (Strumq, Karasu) Nehri
• Su (sub) kültü
• Su Tanrıçası
• Şölgen Nehri
• Talas (nehir, havza)
• Tamir Nehri
• Tanrı Dağları (Tien Shan)
• Tele (Tiele)
• Tengir Too. bkz. Tanrı Dağları
• Tın Nehri (Don Nehri)
• Tiren (Tyrrhenian) Denizi
• Tisza Nehri
• Tobol Nehri
• Tola (Tula, Duluo) Nehri
• Tub Nehri
• Tula (Tola, Duluo) Nehri
• Tuna (Istros, Danubius)
• Turfan (Kao-chang, Ku-su, bölge)
• Turla Nehri bkz. Dinyester Nehri
• Tyras Nehri bkz.Dinyester Nehri
• Ural (Yayık) Nehri
• Ümer Nehri bkz. Obi Nehri
• Volga bkz. İdil Nehri
• Wan Nehri bkz. Argun Nehri
• Wei Nehri
• Yangzi (Yangtze) Nehri
• Yayık Nehri
• Yesi Su (Yetisu, bölge)
• Yenisey (Kem) Nehri
• Yenisey-Lena bölgesi
• Yer-Su (yer-sub, yir-suv) kültü
• Yinçügüz Nehri bkz. Siri Derya

Explore Istanbul 2025/2026: The Insider’s Handbook to Must-See Destination, Rich History and Culture, Off-the-Beaten-Path Adventures, Hidden Gems, Local Insights & Expert Tips

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Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul (Pocket Guide)

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Turkey - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

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Istanbul

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Rick Steves' Istanbul

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Living in Istanbul

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Rick Stein’s Secret France

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Turkey Travel Guide 2025: "Easy Planning for an Unforgettable Visit”

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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Crescent and Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

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Fodor's Essential Turkey (Full-color Travel Guide)

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Collins Turkish Phrasebook and Dictionary Gem Edition (Collins Gem)

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Lonely Planet Istanbul (Travel Guide)

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Turkey - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

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DK Top 10 Istanbul (Pocket Travel Guide)

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DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Turkey (Eyewitness Travel Guides)

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Learn Turkish language self-study (level one for beginners) : Learn to read, write, speak and understand Turkish by yourself, even if you are a beginner ... (Mastering Turkish: Step by Step) Book 1)

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The Silk Road: A Living History

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Türkiye (Turkey): Mediterranean Coast Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3019)

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2000 Most Common Turkish Words in Context: Get Fluent & Increase Your Turkish Vocabulary with 2000 Turkish Phrases (Turkish Language Lessons)

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Trump, ABD başkanlık koltuğuna oturduğu gün olan 20 Ocak 2025 tarihinde Çin Deep Seek yapay zeka modelini dünyaya sunarak muhteşem bir atakta bulunmuştur. Bunun stratejik kökenleri Sun Tzu’nun Savaş Sanatı başyapıtında Milat’tan önce 500lü yıllarda yazıya geçirilmiştir.

Savaşmadan savaşı kazanmak güç kullanmadan galip gelmek. Çin’in yaptığı işte budur ve çok stratejik ve planlı bir harekettir. Ve anında ABD borsalarında trajik düşüşler yaşanmıştır. Kamuoyu bu aksiyonu hemen satın almış ve yerli yerine oturtmuştur.

Burada dikkat çekici olan bu hareketin neden yani bu tarz bir yazılımın neden Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinden veya Hindistan’dan veya Rusya’dan gelmediği şeklindedir. Hindistan zihinsel kapasitesini tamamen ABD’nin emrine vermiş durumdadır.

Ucuz zihin gücü emeğini ABD hizmetine vermiş ve Hindistan’da ABD’li bilişim firmalarının ihtiyaç duyduğu hizmetleri yerine getirmektedir. Ayrıca, ABD’deki Silikon Vadisi’nde Hintli üst düzey yöneticiler ve patronlar yer almaktadır.

Deepseek bu yazılımı Çin alfabesi tamamen batı alfabesinden farklı bir yapıda olmasına rağmen yerine getirmiştir. Demek ki aslolan matematik ve bilgeliktir. Burada sormamız gereken diğer kritik bir soru ise Türkçenin neden bir yazılım dili, yapay zeka modeli haline getirilmediğidir, çünkü yazılıma en uygun olan dil Türkçedir (Kaynak: Nicholas Negroponte)

Bu aslında Çinli lider Deng Şao Ping’in “önemli olan kedinin siyah veya beyaz olması değil fareyi yakalamasıdır” tarzında açıkladığı prensibinin, çok kısa bir zamanda 50 yılı bile bulmayan bir zaman süreci içerisinde aldığı neticedir ve dikkate değerdir.

Evet Çin kedinin rengine takılmamış ve fareyi yakalamasını bilmiştir. Bu psikolojik hareketin ardından, ABD’nin savaş tamtamları çalarak Çin’i alt etmesi mümkün gözükmemektedir, çünkü Çin DeepSeek hareketi ile psikolojik üstünlüğü eline geçirmiştir.

Böylelikle Çin ilk kez taklitçi imajını yerle yeksan etmiş ve özgün bir model ortaya koyarak batıya adeta meydan okumuştur. Bu durumda Trump’ın gümrük vergilerini arttıracağım, komşu ülkelerin topraklarına el koyacağım yaklaşımı daha da derin bir yara almıştır.

ABD, Çin, Hindistan‘ın bilgiye ve yapay zekaya yaklaşımları aslında bir turnusol kağıdı işlevi görmektedir. Şu aşamada burada önde gözüken Çin’dir. Hindistan‘ın bu konuda herhangi bir atak yapmaması kayda değerdir. Psikolojik üstünlüğü ele geçirme konusu da son derece önemlidir. Özlü sözler ansiklopedisini okuduğumuzda en dikkat çekici olan bilge sözler, Çinli bilgeler tarafından söylenmiş olanlardır.

Demek ki bilginin Çin kültüründeki anlamı, bu bilgiler toplamının yapay zeka ile işlenmesi konusunda Çin’e büyük bir avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu bir medeniyet avantajıdır aynı zamanda. ABD’ye baktığımız zaman sadece 250 yıllık bir devlettir, fakat Çin binlerce yıldır mevcut olan bir medeniyettir ve  akıl, zeka, bilgi, bilgelik konularını ince ince düşünen bir medeniyettir.

Bu konudaki ilk atak 1997 yılında bizzat Hong Kong‘ta konferansını dinleyerek tanık olduğum Ali Baba’nın sahibi Jack Ma’dan gelmişti, kendisi veciz sözler ifade ederek denizin dibindeki küçücük karideslerin, köpek balıklarından çok daha büyük bir gücü ortaya koyduğunu ifade etmiş ve oradaki toplantıda olan o zamanın devleri olan Ericsson ve Nokia gibi şirketler artık yokturlar. Demek ki yok olacak şirketler listesine yazılacak başka şirketler de söz konusudur.

Nokia Finlandiya ve Ericcson İsveç menşeli firmalardır ve bu ülkeler NATO’ya giriş yaparak aslında kendilerini yanlış bir yerde konumlandırmışlardır. Ayrıca başlayacak Arktik Çağında bu antipatik bir harekettir.

Karşılaştırmalı bir bakış açısından konu değerlendirildiğinde tüm insanların ortak mirası olan bilgi en veciz bir şekilde Türkler tarafından ilk yazılı eserleri olan Kutadgu Bilig ile incelenmiş ve insanlığın hizmetine sunulmuştur. Ayrıca Türkler, Hint felsefesi ile kavramsallaştırılan sıfırı ilk kez matematik işlemlere Harezmi ile birlikte uygulamışlar ve insanlığın hizmetine sunmuşlardır.

Fakat günümüzde Hindistan geçmişte de olduğu gibi belli kastları toplum  dışında gören bir anlayışa sahiptir. Çinliler ise Çin Seddini inşa ederek bilgiyi sadece kendilerine hasretmek niyetinde olmuşlardır. Çin Seddi düşmanlara karşı değil ve fakat Çin’in içindeki bilginin dışarıya çıkmasına karşı inşa edilmiştir.

Çin’in dışına çıkamayan ipek kozası neticede İran’da Bizanslı papazlar tarafından ele geçirilmiştir. Batının yaklaşımına baktığımızda ise bilgi insanlığın ortak malı değildir, batının mirasıdır ve para ile ifade edilmektedir. “Size çip vermem, gümrük duvarlarını kaldırırım” anlayışı da Türklerce veciz bir şekilde ifade edilen Kutadgu Bilig’in  aksine Maddiyat-ül Bilig yaklaşımını ortaya koymaktadır.

Deepseek‘in bu ani yükselişi ve başarısı şu soruyu gündeme getirmiştir: Teknoloji ne derecede insanlık mirasını temsil etmektedir? Bu önemli bir sorudur. İnsanların otomatik robotlara dönüştürülmesinin hedeflendiği bir çağda, gündemden çıkarılmak istenilen özgür düşünce ve düşünce yöntemi olarak felsefenin neden gözden düşürüldüğü apaçık ortadadır artık. 

Ülkelere, dünyaya ve hatta evrene hükmedecekleri hayalini kurmakta olan teknokrat oligarşik sınıfların bilgi üzerinde kurmak istedikleri hakimiyet, Deepseek sayesinde insanlığın gözüne batmıştır. İnsanlarla birebir ilişki kurmaktan aciz bu teknokrat oligarşi demek ki ABD’nin Trump ile başlayan sönümlenme sürecinde de aynı şekilde kaybolup gideceklerdir.

İşin kritik noktası burada bahsettiğimiz kısıtlara sahip olan ABD, Hindistan, Rusya örneklerinin aksine bencilliği ve bencil ülke çıkarlarını değil ve fakat insanlığı temsil edecek manada bir yapay zekanın nerelerde neşet edeceği sorusudur.

Unutulmamalıdır ki insanın bilişsel yeteneği ki bunun en önemli özelliği konuşma yeteneği dir 100.000 yıl önce Afrika’da ortaya çıkmış bir gerçekliktir. Ve fakat Afrikalıların ne şekilde Avrupa ve Amerika kıtasındakiler tarafından insanlık dışı muamelelere tabi tutuldukları ortadadır.

Netice olarak insan aklının bir ürünü olan yapay zeka, söz konusu aklının gereği olarak tüm insanlığa yararlı olabilecek bir uygulama için 21. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinin son yılında güneşin doğduğu Asya kıtasından bizlere bir umut ışığı yakmıştır.

Burada Türkiye’den beklenen adım ise ilk yazılı eseri Kutadgu Bilig ile gündeme getirdiği ve kişiyi kutlu yapan olgunun bilgi olduğu gerçeğine vurgu yapan bu yaklaşımdan yola çıkan bir yapay zeka modelinin gündeme getirilmesi olacaktır.  

The Rough Guide to Turkey (Travel Guide with eBook) (Rough Guide Main Series)

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Istanbul Travel Guide 2025 (FULL COLOR): Exploring the Fascinating Landscapes, Rich Heritage, and Warm Hospitality of Istanbul

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Living in Istanbul

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Turkey Travel Guide 2025: "Easy Planning for an Unforgettable Visit”

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Istanbul Travel Guide: Captivating Adventures Through Ottoman Splendor, Byzantine Wonders, Turkish Landmarks, Hidden Gems, and More (Traveling the World)

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DK Eyewitness Istanbul (Travel Guide)

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Crescent and Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

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Istanbul

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Pocket Rough Guide Istanbul: Travel Guide with eBook (Pocket Rough Guides)

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111 Places in Istanbul That You Must Not Miss

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The Amazing Mrs. Pollifax (Mrs. Pollifax Series Book 2)

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Learn Turkish language self-study (level one for beginners) : Learn to read, write, speak and understand Turkish by yourself, even if you are a beginner ... (Mastering Turkish: Step by Step) Book 1)

(47560)

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Türkiye (Turkey): Mediterranean Coast Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3019)

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Istanbul: Memories and the City

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Istanbul in 3 Days| Travel Guide 2025| 3 days plan, local tips, Photos and Online Maps: What to do in Istanbul|where to stay|top restaurants|food guide|day trips|Google maps with best spots.

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Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul (Pocket Guide)

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Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul (Pocket Guide)

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Lonely Planet Turkey (Travel Guide)

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DK Top 10 Istanbul (Pocket Travel Guide)

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A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey

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 İNSANLIĞIN ANAHTARI TÜRKİYE

•   İSTANBUL
  · ŞİİRLER
  · KIBRIS
  · ROMA İMPARATORLUĞU
  · BİLGE TONYUKUK
  · TURKS&TURKEY
  · TÜRKİYE
  · BOOKSONTURKEY
  · KEMAL ATATÜRK
  · TÜRK DİLİ
  · LEVENT AĞAOĞLU
  · TÜRKİYE TARİHİ
  · TÜRKİSTAN

İNSANLIK İÇİN DÜNYA

• SEYYAHIN KONUŞMALARI
  · AFRİKA
  · RUSYA
  · ULUSLARARASI DÜNYA GÜNLERİ
  · AKDENİZ
  · AVRASYA
  · YAZILIM
  · HİNDİSTAN
  · RUSYA-UKRAYNA SAVAŞI
  · SUDAN
  · KUZEY DÜNYA
  · AKDENİZ
  · HİNDİSTAN DÜNYA
  · İŞ
  · DÜŞÜNCE & FELSEFE
  · DİN
  · ÇİN
  · EĞİTİM
  · SİNEMA
  · GIDA & TARIM
  · YENİLİK
  · KOSOVA
  · BALKANLAR
  · D8

**************************************************

T U R K E Y:

THE KEY FOR HUMANITY

**************************************************

• ART

 Heykel Sanatçımız Tan Öktem Anısına. Tan Nedir?

• ISTANBUL

The Epiphany ceremony in the Golden Horn / Haliç’ten haç çıkarma töreni 2023

Küçükpazar district in historical peninsula of Istanbul

• POEMS

Levendname Poems Conference

Levendname Şiirler 1 Taşlık Sahaf

Levendname Şiirler Söyleşisi 3 Taşlık Sahaf Kahve

Levendname Şiirler Söyleşisi Taşlık Sahaf Kafe

Kıbrıs Zafer Şiiri

Kızıl Elma

Sübaşılar

Nehir Yolları Türk Boyları 1

Levendname Şiirleri Söyleşisi – 4

Levendname Şiirleri Söyleşisi – 3

Levendname Şiirleri Söyleşisi – 2

Levendname Şiirleri Söyleşisi – 1

• CYPRUS

Why Cyprus is the Center of the World?

• TURKS&TURKEY

2023 and Republic of Turkey

Colours and the Turks

Humanity and Brotherhood

• MARITIME

Turks and Water Ecosystem

Turks and Maritime Strategy

Levent Ağaoğlu’s Conference on Turks and Seas

Levent Ağaoğlu’nun Türk ve Deniz Konferansı

• KEMAL ATATURK

Ataturk’s Thesis of Turkish History

• TURKESTAN

Turkestan as the Motherland of Agriculture and Cannabis

Turkey, Turkestan and India Cooperation

**************************************************

THE WORLD FOR HUMANITY

**************************************************

• INTERNATIONAL WORLD DAYS

ICDAY’s Virtual Event International Day of Democracy and FOWPAL International Love and Peace Day

• MEDITERRANEAN

Caspian Sea and Mediterranean Conference by Volkan Özdemir

• CHINA

Chinese New Year 2023

Turkish and Chinese Civilizations

• WISDOM&VISION

Who is Wizard

Unwise and Wise

WQ What is Wisdom

Vision is Mental Power

What is different with Vision

With or without Vision

VQ What is Vision

• SOCIAL JUSTICE

World Social Justice Organization

Eartquake in Turkey and Social Justice

Justice Tower

Time for Social Justice

Social Justice Globally

DK Top 10 Istanbul (Pocket Travel Guide)

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The Turkish Cookbook

(475920)

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Living in Istanbul

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Rick Steves' Istanbul

(445168)

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Istanbul Travel Guide 2024-2025: A Journey Through Time and Empires: A Deep Dive into the Cultural, Culinary, and Architectural Heritage of Turkey's Historic City (MUST-VISIT PLACES IN 2025 Book 13)

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Explore Istanbul 2025/2026: The Insider’s Handbook to Must-See Destination, Rich History and Culture, Off-the-Beaten-Path Adventures, Hidden Gems, Local Insights & Expert Tips

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Istanbul Travel Guide: Captivating Adventures Through Ottoman Splendor, Byzantine Wonders, Turkish Landmarks, Hidden Gems, and More (Traveling the World)

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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Istanbul & Northwest Turkey Travel Reference Map WP

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Turkey - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

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The Silk Road: A Living History

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2000 Most Common Turkish Words in Context: Get Fluent & Increase Your Turkish Vocabulary with 2000 Turkish Phrases (Turkish Language Lessons)

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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DK Top 10 Istanbul (Pocket Travel Guide)

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Istanbul: Memories and the City

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Collins Turkish Phrasebook and Dictionary Gem Edition (Collins Gem)

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Turkey - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

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A Year in the World: Journeys of a Passionate Traveller

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