SHAMANISM IN OUR DAILY LIFE

Shamanism culture still continues in Anatolia.

After the Turks accepted Islam, they do not forget their old culture in Central Asia, they continue their habits, customs and traditions within the Islamic culture.
The relationship of these beliefs with shamanism, the first meaning among the people, has been forgotten.
Turks, Greeks, Armenians, Arabs, Kurds, Persians, etc. living in Anatolia at that time. He made a synthesis by combining the elements of their own culture with their own shamanic cultures and formed the present Anatolian Culture.

Some of these habits that are thought to originate from shamanism:

EVIL EYE

It means look in Arabic. To come to the eye in Turkish is also called the touch of autumn. All societies in the world have similar beliefs. Nowadays it is used to mean negative energy. In shamanism it was known as the influence of evil spirits on man. These evil spirits would emanate from human eyes. In Anatolia, hand and eye charms and amulets protect people and their assets from these evil eyes. The blue bead has become one of the cultural symbols of the Turks in the world. Interestingly, the Greeks are now marketing the blue bead as a touristic item.

LEAD BULK

Shamans call it “Kut Kuyma” (kut pouring). The shamanic ritual performed to eliminate evil spirits (negative effects) on a person, to drive them away from that person and to bring back his luck (Kut) continues today without any change. It is seen from the shapes formed when molten lead is poured into water, which evil spirits come out of man through lead.

THREE TIMES

This tradition is seen in every country from India to America. Shamans hug or hit trees to get rid of evil spirits in tree cult (worship). Today, hitting the tree continues as hitting three times. It is done to transfer the negative energy accumulated in the body or in the environment to the wood by hitting the wood.

VISITING YACHTS, TOMBS, VENTION PLACES

Although it is forbidden to seek help from the dead and to light candles in Islam, shrines are visited in awe and candles are lit all over Anatolia. This very influential folk belief is based on the “Cult of the Ancestors” in Shamnism. In this lies the belief that the spiritual beings of the ancestors helped the living. Burning candles can be a wish of shamans by looking at the fire, or it can be a learned tradition from Christians living in Anatolia.

BINDING rags to the tree, to the tomb

In shamanism, it is an extension of the offerings dedicated to mountain, forest, tree and water spirits.

Visiting the graves of people known or thought to be saints, dedes and eren in Anatolia frequently and making votive offerings to these graves is also related to the cult of ancestors. The cult of ancestors is the custom of commemorating deceased ancestors frequently, offering sacrifices to them. It is done in return for the belief that the spirits of the ancestors will do good to those who are left behind and the feelings of gratitude to them.

Millet

Wheat or millet (corn) grains are symbols of fertility. They are food created by the gods to feed humans. Handfuls of these grains were scattered to the gods during shamanic ceremonies (hair ceremonies in shamanism). It is a symbol of awakening, enlightenment. It is the tradition of thanking them that invokes good spirits. Proliferation is done to wish goodness to come in abundance. The giving of a coin after it has been turned around the head comes from the same ritual.

RAIN PRAYER

In shamanism, there is the Yada stone, which is believed to have the power to make rain and bring storms. This stone was brought together with water in the spring or fountain of the village with prayers, so it was believed that it would make it rain. After the Turks became Muslims, they combined it completely with Islamic rituals.

DEAD VACCINE

The ancient Turks, whom they called Yog, considered it an important duty to give food to their dead. This meal was either placed in the grave or poured into the grave. This later turned into distributing food and halva for the benefit of the dead. In Anatolia, the dead are commemorated on the 7th, 40th or 50th day of death by handing out halva or food.

READ MEVLUT AFTER DEATH

Shamans held rituals to assist them after their dead. This purpose of aid lies in the Mevlut (birth), which is not found in any Islamic country. It was written in Turkish by Mevlut Süleyman Çelebi in 1409. Previously, only St. While it is read on the birthday of the Prophet, it is read on holy nights, death, illness, marriage and many other reasons.

tombstones

There is no tombstone tradition in Islam. It is desired that the dead become integrated with the soil and disappear in time. Laying stones on graves. It is seen only in Anatolia in the Islamic world.

In addition, mass grave visits are among the old customs of the Turks related to the cult of the dead. The fact that the dead are not buried after sunset is also a legacy of Shamanism. It was believed that after sunset the earth was sealed. Digging the ground after sunset would cause evil spirits to come out. Tombstones (balbal) in the Turks have developed a lot over time, all of them have become works of art.

OTHER TRADITIONS

Raising the palate with the thumbs when scared
biting the tongue when talking about something good
Giving children names as if they lived, sold, stopped for longevity
Scattering things like millet, wheat, money on the heads of the bride and groom
Naming the child so that it has the characteristics of the ancestor
Jumping over the fire in Hıdrellez and Nowruz celebrations
Women without children praying to trees, tying rags
The lie of “Storks brought you” to children (Umay Cult)
Stealing cans or shooting bullets during solar and lunar eclipses
Not to cut nails at night, not to stand in the doorway,

NOTES

It is seen that the tombstone tradition is partially settled in the Islamic countries where the Ottomans are located. Nowadays, this custom is increasing in some Islamic countries.
The similarity between the evil eye bead and Medusa’s blue eyes is very interesting.

SOURCE Cultural Origins of Turks Ergun Candan Cross-Border Y. 2006, İst. (Greetings Celal KÜÇÜK)
…………………………………………………………….

GÜNDELİK HAYATIMZDAKİ ŞAMANİZM

 Şamanizm kültürü Anadolu’da hala devam etmektedir.

• Türkler İslamiyet’i kabul ettikten sonra Orta Asya’daki eski kültürlerini unutmazlar, alışkanlıklarını, gelenek ve göreneklerini İslam kültürü içerisinde devam ettirirler.
• Halk arasında bu inanışların şamanizmle ilişkisi, ilk anlamı artık unutulmuştur.
• Türkler, Anadolu’da yaşayan o zamanki Rum, Ermeni, Arap, Kürt, Fars vs. kültürlerine ait ögelerle kendi şamanik kültürlerini birleştirerek bir sentez yapmış ve bugünkü Anadolu Kültürünü oluşturmuştur.

Bunlardan Şamanizm kökenli olduğu sanılan bazı alışkanlıklar:

NAZAR

Arapça bakış demektir. Türkçe’de göze gelmek, güzün değmesi de denir. Dünyada tüm toplumlarda benzer inançlar vardır. Bugünlerde negatif enerji anlamında kullanılmaktadır. Şamanizm’de kötü ruhların insan üzerindeki etkisi olarak biliniyordu. Bu kötü ruhlar insan gözünden yayılırdı. Anadolu’da el ve göz nazarlıklar ve uğurluklar bu kötü gözlerden insanları ve varlıklarını korur. Mavi boncuk dünyada Türklerin kültür sembollerinden biri olmuştur. İlginç olan Grekler de artık mavi boncuğu bir turistik eşya olarak pazarlamaktalar.

KURŞUN DÖKME

Şamanlar buna “Kut Kuyma” (kut dökme) derler. Bir kişinin üzerindeki kötü ruhları (negatif etkileri) ortadan kaldırmak, onları o insandan uzaklaştırmak ve talihini (Kut) geri getirmek için yapılan şaman ritüeli bugün hiç değişmeden aynen devam etmektedir. Eritilmiş kurşun suya dökülünce oluşan şekillerden de hangi kötü ruhların kurşun vasıtasıyla insandan çıktığı görülür.

ÜÇ KEZ TAHTAYA VURMA

Bu gelenek Hindistan’dan Amerika’ya kadar her ülkede görülür. Şamanlar ağaç kültünde (tapınmada) kötü ruhlardan kurtulmak için ağaçlara sarılırlar veya ağaçlara vururlar. Bugün artık ağaca vurmak kısmı, üç kez vurmak şeklinde devam etmektedir.  Bedende birikmiş veya çevredeki negatif enerjiyi, tahtaya vurarak tahtaya aktarmak için yapılır.

YATIRLARI, TÜRBELERİ, ADAK YERLERİNİ ZİYARET ETME

İslam’da ölülerden medet ummanın, mum yakmanın yasak olmasına karşın, Anadolu’nun her tarafında türbeler huşu içinde ziyaret edilir ve mum yakılır. Bu çok etkili halk inancı Şamnizmdeki “Atalar Kültü”ne dayanır. Bunda ataların ruhsal varlıklarının yaşayanlara yardımda bulundukları inancı yatar. Mum yakma şamanların ateşe bakarak dilekte bulunmaları olabildiği gibi Anadolu’da yaşayan Hristiyanlardan da öğrenilmiş bir gelenek olabilir.

AĞACA, TÜRBEYE ÇAPUT BAĞLAMA

Şamanizm’de dağ, orman, ağaç ve su ruhlarına adanan adakların günümüze uzantısıdır.

Anadolu’da evliya, dede, eren olarak bilinen veya sanılan kişiliklerin mezarlarını sık sık ziyaret edip, bu mezarlara adak olarak çaputlar bağlamak da atalar kültüyle ilgilidir. Atalar kültü, ölmüş atalara saygı göstermek için onları sık sık anma, onlara kurbanlar sunma geleneğidir. Ataların ruhlarının geride kalanlara iyilik yapacağı inancı ve onlara duyulan minnet duyguları karşılığında yapılır.

DARISI BAŞIMIZA

Buğday veya darı (mısır) taneleri bereket sembolleridir. Tanrıların insanları beslemesi için yarattıkları gıdalardır. Şaman törenlerinde tanrılara bu tahıllar avuç dolusu saçılırdı (şamanizmde saçı törenleri). Uyanışın, aydınlanmanın sembolüdür. İyi ruhları çağıran, onlara teşekkür etme geleneğidir. Çoğalmak, iyiliğin bolca gelmesini dilemek için yapılır. Bir paranın başın etrafında çevrildikten sonra verilmesi de aynı ritüelden gelir.

YAĞMUR DUASI

Şamanizm’de yağmur yağdırma, fırtına çıkarma gücüne sahip olduğuna inanılan Yada taşı vardır. Bu taş dualarla köyün pınarında veya çeşmesinde suyla buluştururlur böylece yağmur yağmasını sağlayacağına inanılırdı. Türkler Müslüman olduktan sonra bunu tamamen islami ritüellerle birleştirmişlerdir.

ÖLÜ AŞI

Eski Türkler adına Yoğ dedikleri, ölülerine aş vermeyi önemli bir görev sayarlardı. Bu aş ya mezara konulur, ya da mezara dökülürdü. Bu daha sonra ölünün hayrına aş, helva dağıtmaya dönüşmüştür. Anadolu’da ölü, ölümün 7. 40. veya 50. gününde helva veya yemek dağıtarak anılır.

ÖLÜNÜN ARDINDAN MEVLUT OKUTMAK

Şamanlar ölülerinin ardından onlara yardımcı olmak için ayinler düzenlerdi. Hiçbir İslam ülkesinde olmayan mevlut’de de (doğum) bu yardım amacı yatmaktadır. Mevlut Süleyman Çelebi tarafından 1409 yılında Türkçe yaazılmıştır. Önceleri yalnız Hz. Peygamber!in doğum gününde okunurken daha sonraları kutsal gecelerde, ölümde, hastalıkta, nikahta ve daha birçok nedenlerle okutulmaktadır.

MEZAR TAŞLARI

İslamiyet’te mezar taşı geleneği yoktur. Ölünün toprakla bütünleşmesi ve zaman içinde kaybolması istenir. Mezarlara taş dikilmesi. İslam dünyasında sadece Anadolu’da görülür.

Ayrıca toplu mezar ziyaretleri de ölüler kültüyle ilgili Türklerin eski adetlerindendir. Ölülerin güneş battıktan sonra gömülmemesi de Şamanizm’den kalmadır. Güneş battıktan sonra yerin mühürlendiğine inanılırdı. Güneş battıktan sonra yerin kazılması kötü ruhların dışarıya çıkamasına neden olurdu. Türkler’de mezar taşları (balbal) zamanla çok gelişmiş, hepsi birer sanat eseri haline gelmiştir.

BAŞKA GELENEKLER

• Korkunca başparmakla damak kaldırmak
• İyi bir şeyden bahsederken dil ısırmak
• Çocuklara uzun ömürlü olmaları için yaşar, satılmış, durmuş gibi adlar koymak
• Gelin ve damadın başına darı, buğday, para gibi şeyler saçmak
• Çocuğa atasının özelliklerine sahip olması için ata adını vermek
• Hıdrellez ve Nevruz kutlamalarında ateşin üstünden atlamak
• Çocuğu olmayan kadınların ağaçlara dua ederek, çaput bağlaması
• Çocuklara “Seni leylekler getirdi” yalanı (Umay Kültü)
• Güneş ve ay tutulmasında teneke çalmak veya havaya kurşun sıkmak
• Geceleri tırnak kesmemek, kapı eşiğinde durmamak,

NOTLAR

1. Osmanlıların bulunduğu İslam ülkelerinde mezar taşı geleneğinin kısmen yerleştiği görülür. Bugünlerde bazı islam ülkelerinde bu adet çoğalmaktadır.
2. Nazar boncuğu ile Medusa’nın mavi gözleri arasındaki benzerlik çok ilginçtir.

KAYNAK Türklerin Kültür Kökenleri Ergun Candan Sınır Ötesi Y. 2006, İst. (Selamlar Celal KÜÇÜK)

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