Ağrı Dağı. Mt. Ararat towers over the land where Noah’s ark came to rest. The same story appears in the Babylonian myth of Gilgamesh.

Akhisar. An agricultural center, Thyatira was one of the Seven Churches admonished by St. John.

Alaşehir. One of the Seven Churches, Philadelphia was a border post in the 1st century AD.

Altınbaşak. Birthplace of Abraham, it was here that he heard the call to found a great nation that believed in One God. A 9th century BC Temple to Sin was part of a university complex. Crusaders held the fortress in the 12th century AD.

Ani. Ani’s continnuing fame is as a city of a thousand churches.

Ankara. The 15 th century Hacı Bayram Mosque and the Roman Temple to Rome and Augustus with its inscription about Caesar’s census are located back-to-back.

Antakya. City where Christians were first named, the 11th century Crusaders believed that they found St. Peter’s sword in the Church of St. Peter. St. Paul began his missionary journeys form Antioch.

Bergama. One of the Seven Churches, St. John denounced the Thorne of Satan in his reference to church members.

Bursa. Beautiful mosque complexes from the 13the and 14th centuries enrich the early Ottoman capital.

Divriği. Exquisite designs on Ulu Cami are a record of the skill of Selçuk stone carvers.

Diyarbakır. It comes second to Istanbul in the number of handsome mosques in the city.

Edirne. The complex of the Selimiye Camii is the masterpiece of the 16 the century architect Sinan.

Efes. Once renowned for its gleaming Temple to Diana, the archaeological site of Ephesus is famous for the missionary work of St. Paul, and as one of the churches addressed by St. John. The Home of the Virgin Mary has been a quiet mountain retreat.

Erzurum. The Yakutiye and Çifte Minareli Medreses are evidence of the Selçuk religious activities in Erzurum in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Hacıbektaş. The Bektaşi dervish community dates its inspration from the life and work of Hacı Bektaş Veli who lived here in the 13th century.

İstanbul. The museums of St. Sophia, St. Irene, and Kariye hold masterpieces of Christian art. Unrivaled Muslim relics are found in the Pavilion of the Holy Mantle in the Topkapı Museum. Among the famous mosques are the Süleymaniye Compleq and the Sultanahmet. A number of Jewish synagogues are active in the city.

İzmir. One of the Seven Churches, İzmir’s Church of St. Polycarp memorializes the 2nd century martyred bishop. Many synagogues serve the Jewish community of İzmir.

İznik. Both the first and the last of the Christian Ecumenical Councils took place in İznik.

Kapadokya (Cappadocia). Center of monastic cave churches, Christians also tunnelled many stories underground for refuge.

Kayseri. Residence of the 4th century church leaders, St. Basil and St. Gregory, Kayseri is also known in the Mahperi Huand Hatun Complex for its Selçuk Muslim art.

Konya. For Christians, Konya was one of St. Paul’s centers of preaching; for Muslims the tomb of the Whirling Dervish saint, Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi, is a place of pilgrimage.

Laodikya. The last of the Seven Churches, which was neither hot nor cold, Laodicea is close to the hot springs and travertine deposits of Pamukkale.

Mardin/Tur Abdin. Since earliest times the Tur Abdin region has been the location of Christian monasteries such as Deyrulzarafan and Mor Gabriel.

Şanlıurfa. Legendary place of the contest between Abraham and Nimrod, the Halil ar-Rahman Camii is a place of pilgrimage for Muslims.

Sart. The Temple to Artemis, the synagogue and the position of Sardis as one of the Seven Churches identify its varied religious significance.

Tarsus. Birthplace of St. Paul, Tarsus lies in the fertile Çukurova plain.

Trabzon. The ceiling of the 13th century Museum of St. Sophia is covered with Christian frescoes. Nearby in the mountains is the famous Sumelas Monastery.

Van/Ahtamar. Historically the region around Van was the center of Urartu-Ararat. The 10th century Church of the Holy Cross on the island of Ahtamar is a classic example of Armenian art.

Yalvaç. St. Paul preached his first recorded sermon in Pisidian Antioch and was expelled from the city.

Yazılıkaya. Second millennium BC priest-gods march in procession to the altar of the Hittite temple in Yazılıkaya.

Source: Anna G.Edmonds. Turkey’s Religious Sites

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Turkey has lots of places that have had continuing and diverse religious interest from very earliest times. This is a land of great physical beauty and great natural resources, making it also land greatly desired by many people. From the beginning, it has been a bridge, crossroads, a place of vintage, challenging people to envision new and more complex concepts in political, social, artistic, and religious terms. In spite of both the beauty and harshness of the land, the generations who have lived here have contributed a remarkable degree of understanding of life and toleration for each other’s faith. Because of their records, we can appreciate the power, the symbolism, and the commonality of our ancestors’ responses.

Hoş geldiniz to Turkey; may your visit be pleasant and in peace.

Turkey is a land of great physical beauty and great natural resources, making it also a land greatly valued and desired by many people. From the beginning it has served as a bridge and the crossroads, a theatre, a battle ground, a council chamber and a place of pilgrimage, challenging people to envision new and more complex concepts in political, economic, artistic, and religious terms.

A surprising number of themes and symbols have persisted. The symbol of the earth’s fertility in the figures of the mother Goddess continues in the recognition of human dependence on God’s bounty for food and water. The nagging questions about the reality (and proximity) of an apocalyptic end to life, and the problems of moral standards of conduct are still with us, modified but unresolved. Emblems of the crescent moon, the stars and the cross appear if you’re from the time of the Hittites, now overlaid with Muslim, Jewish and Christian meanings. The history might in a way be compared to a fugue and variations on the search for the divine meaning in the patterns of our lives

Questions with which we began work on this book on this are still with me: What events, what geography­­  – over all, what grace has been a responsible for such a concentration of places and history in Turkey? Is it mere chance that the three great monothestic religions were centered in the Middle East? Did the geographic fertility of northern Mesopotamia influence the intellectual and religious ferment? Does it still? Why have some symbols persisted while others have become meaningless? What have we lost from past civilizations?

I hope that the book may challenge its readers to appreciate the richness of the entire mosaic of culture, imagination, meat, conflict, invention and religious understanding that continues to inform the history of Turkey.

Source: Anna G.Edmonds. Religious Heritage of Turkey

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