Books on Turkey | Key for Humanity

Ahmed Yesevi (1093-1166). (Kazakhstan) Sufi mystic and poet from the city of Isfijab, now called Sayram. His poems in the form of stanzas gave messages of prayer and contemplation to the crowded Turkish nomads who had not converted to Islam until then. Ahmed Yasawi from Isfijap (Sayram) on the southern border of Kazakhstan was the leader of the Sufis. Yesevi showed that poetry had a much greater power than prose to evoke the deep emotions that lie at the heart of the Sufi message.

Ahmed Yesevi, born in Sayram in 1093, and died in 1166 in Hazrat-e Turkestan, (both cities now in Kazakhstan), was a Turkish poet and Sufi or Dervish who exerted a powerful influence on the development of mystical orders throughout the Turkish-speaking world. Yesevi is the earliest known Turkish poet who composed poetry in an early Turkish dialect, Chagatai.

He was a pioneer of popular mysticism, founded the first Turkish order, (the Yeseviye), that quickly spread over the Turkish-speaking areas. Yesevi had numerous students/followers in the region. His poems created a new genre of mystical folk poetry in Central Asia and influenced many Sufi/Dervish poets including ‘Attar, Rumi, Hafiz (who both knew Turkish) and Yunus Emre. The book of his poems, the Divan-e Hikmet (Book of Wisdom), consists mainly of gazels and murabbas (foursomes), Kosmos (robi’as srung together) and munajat (prayers).

Theosopher and poet. Ahmed-i Yesevî was born in a place called Sayram, which is seven kilometers far from Çimkent, in Kazakhstan today. His birth date is unknown. He died in 1166-67 in the town of Yesi in Turkistan. The word Yesevî means “coming from Yesi”. The cities Buhara in Transoxiana, and Sayram and Yesi in the east of Seyhun, where Hoca Ahmed Yesevî lived, had been taken into the borders of Islam a long time before he was born. Most of the dwellers of these cities were Turks with Islamic confession. However, a great part of Turks had not converted to Islam in that age yet.

The Turks living in the regions Sir-i Derya, Ilek and Fergana, where Yesevism would spread, were believers of different faiths such as Mazdeicism, Manichaeism and Sanavism. Muslim and non-Muslim Turks continuously waged war, and there was no unity among them. Hoca Ahmed Yesevî was born under these circumstances. He had an important role in spreading Islam among Turks, and thus, made great contributions to provide the unity among the Turks.

He spent his last years in hermitage. It is rumored that he made wooden spoons and ladles of wood to make a living. Timurlenk built a religious building with a tomb and a mosque on his grave in Yesi. Timurlenk was given the precursor of his future victories by Ahmed Yesevî in his dream. Thus, he built the building to thank Yesevî. In Turkey, the year 1993 was announced the year of Ahmed Yesevî.

Ahmed Yesevî is one of the most pre-eminent moral leaders in the history of Islam. His philosophy of morality is based on the belief and conception of disciplining the self. According to Yesevî, one should discipline and control his or her self, get rid of moral weaknesses, strengthen his or her will and keep it under control.

Ahmed Yesevî wrote poems called “hikmet” (wisdom), with syllabic meter, in order to spread Islam and enlighten people in the direction of Sufism. His poems are of didactic characteristic and in pure Turkish, therefore they became very popular among masses. His poems were collected in the book Divân-ı Hikmet (Divan of Wisdom).

Ahmad Yasawi 1093–1166) was a Turkic poet and Sufi, an early mystic who exerted a powerful influence on the development of Sufi orders throughout the Turkic-speaking world.

Yasawi is the earliest known Turkic poet who composed poetry in Middle Turkic. He was a pioneer of popular mysticism, founded the first Turkic Sufi order, the Yasawiyya or Yeseviye, which very quickly spread over Turkic-speaking areas. He was a Hanafi scholar like his murshid, Yusuf Hamadani.

Ahmad Yasawi made considerable efforts to spread Islam throughout Central Asia and had numerous students in the region. Yasawi’s poems created a new genre of religious folk poetry in Central Asian Turkic literature and influenced many religious poets in the following countries.

Yasawi turned the city of Iasy into the major centre of learning for the Kazakh Steppe, then retired to a life of contemplation at the age of 63. He dug himself an underground cell where he spent the rest of his life.

Turkish scholar Hasan Basri Çantay noted: “It was a Seljuk king who brought Rumi, the great Sufi poet, to Konya; and it was in Seljuq times that Ahmed Yasawi, another great Sufi, lived and taught. The influence of those two remarkable teachers has continued to the present.”

SOURCE: ‘BOOK OF WİSDOM’ (Divan-i Hikmet) by AHMED YESEVI
First Turkish Sufi Master Poet Translation & Introduction Paul Smith

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ISTANBUL Travel Guide 2026: Where Two Continents Meet: The Complete Insider's Guide to Exploring the World's Most Captivating City

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The Turkish Cookbook

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Constantinople to Istanbul: One City, Two Empires.

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Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)

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Aşık Pasha, born in Kırşehir, one of the 13th century Sufis, evaluated all beings in the universe in relation to each other in a unity created by God. Thus, within the framework of Islamic mysticism, God, the universe and human beings have preferred the way of explaining them all by relating them to each other, and they have not dealt with them one by one.

An important issue that the Turks have achieved universality is the existence of universal state ideals. This is in question in the Oguz Kagan legend, it is revealed in the Bilge Kagan Inscriptions, in the works of Farabi in question, and it has been examined philosophically. In Karahanlı Yusuf’s 6000-odd Kutadgu Bilig work, the first Turkish work has the ideal of the universal state. Turkish states have always developed as empires. There is a universal state ideal in the Ottomans as well, it came to life with the red apple ideal.

Tengri-God

Turks embraced the universe with their understanding of Tengri, that is, god. From the earliest times, they had a great belief that man was created. Again, as it is written in the Bilge Kagan Inscription, “God lives time, man was created mortal.” The first word used in the Huns was the Turkish two words Tengri, and then it continued as the sky Tengri in the Gök Turks. One of our living thinkers, Dr. Sait Başer has published a study book on the similarity of the sky god and the attributes of Allah and has identified many similarities in this regard. Here are the inscriptions on which it is based, the Göktürk Inscriptions.

Ahmed Yasawi whispered from Turkistan:

“The carefree person is not the person; understand that.
Loveless human, animal species, listen to this.”
—
Âşık Pasha, who gave a voice from Anatolia:

Become Adami so that you can be love in the moment.
[They say man, the one who is light]

The Turkish state gets its power by creation. The trinity of heaven, earth and man was first and foremost being created.

The statements in the Bilge Kagan inscription that “the man whose time lives God is created and he is mortal” and the mention of the earth and the sky are the proofs of the advanced theology of the Turks. In addition, expressions such as “I won because God wanted” in the Bilge Tonyukuk inscription are indicators of the dominance attributed to the will of God.

Two warnings from our Master Âşık Pasha:

1. The scholar’s material and spiritual greed,
This is the main reason why it cannot speak to the public.

2. The most damage to a nation,
It comes from scholars who cannot limit their greed.
Insatiability makes the scholar ‘chatter’ who speaks for the people.

Three things surprise people:
The Realm that existed while it was not;
Adam, who came from the realm;
Mana that takes form from Adam…
That;
The meaning of three things is understood by ‘relative’ to three other things:
Realm[Universe] to Adam[Nothing];
Adam[Man] to the Realm;
Word/Mana goes to Adam…

//-: Âşık Paşa

“Time is human.
If man is good, time is also good;
If man is bad, time is also bad.”
//-: Âşık Paşa

Because;
‘Nizâm-ı Alem’ means human.
When man is corrupted, both the order and the realm are corrupted.
Because ‘order’ and ‘the world’ suffer corruption;
however, it is always human beings who ‘ifsâd’.

…………………………..

13. yüzyıl Mutasavvuflarından Kırşehir doğumlu Aşık Paşa evrendeki bütün varlıkları Tanrının oluşturduğu bir bütünlük içerisinde birbirleriyle ilişki içinde değerlendirmiştir. Böylelikle İslam tasavvuf anlayışı çerçevesinde Tanrı, evren ve insan, hepsini birbiriyle ilişkilendirmek yoluyla açıklama tarzını tercih etmişler tek tek ele almamışlardır.

Türklerin evrenselliği yakaladıklarına ilişkin önemli bir husus evrensel devlet ideallerinin mevcudiyetidir. Oğuz Kağan efsanesinde bu söz konusu, Bilge Kağan Yazıtları’nda da söz konusu Farabi’nin eserlerinde ortaya konmuştur felsefi olarak incelenmiştir. Karahanlı Yusuf’un 6000 küsür dizelik Kutadgu Bilig eserinde ilk Türkçe yazılan eserde yine evrensel devlet ideali mevcuttur. Türk devletleri hep imparatorluk olarak gelişmişlerdir. Osmanlılarda da evrensel devlet ideali mevcuttur, kızıl elma ideali ile hayat bulmuştur.

Tengri-Tanrı

Türkler, Tengri yani tanrı anlayışları ile evreni kucaklamışlardır. En eski zamanlardan başlayarak insanın yaratıldığına büyük bir inanç duymuşlardır. Yine Bilge Kağan Yazıtında yazıldığı üzere “Zamanı tanrı yaşar, kişioğlu ölümlü olarak yaratılmıştır.” Hunlarda ilk olarak kullanılan kelime Türkçe iki kelime Tengri daha sonra Gök Türkler’de gök Tengri olarak devam etmişti. Yaşayan düşünürlerimizden Dr. Sait Başer gök tanrı ile Allah’ın vasıfları benzerliği konusunda bir inceleme kitabı yayınlamış ve bu konuda çok sayıda benzerlikler tespit etmiştir. Burada esas aldığı yazıtlardır, Göktürk Yazıtlarıdır.

Türkistan’dan fısıldamış Ahmed Yesevî:

“Dertsiz insan, insan değil; bunu anlayın.
Aşksız insan, hayvan cinsi bunu dinleyin.”
—
Anadolu’dan ses vermiş Âşık Paşa:

Âdemî oldur ki anda aşk ola.
[İnsan diye, ışkı olana derler]

Türk devleti gücünü yaratılışla alır. Gök, yer ve insan üçlüsü ilk önce ve temel olarak yaratılıyordu.

Bilge Kağan yazıtında yer alan “zamanı tanrı yaşar kişioğlu yaratılmıştır ve ölümlüdür” ifadeleri, yer ile gökden bahsedilmesi, Türklerin gelişkin bir ilahiyatlarının olduğunun kanıtlarındandır. Ayrıca Bilge Tonyukuk yazıtında yer alan “Tanrı istediği için kazandım” tarzı ifadeler de, tanrı iradesine atfedilen başatlığın göstergeleridir.

Üstadımız Âşık Paşa’dan iki uyarı:

1. Âlimin maddî ve manevî aç-gözlülüğü,
halka söz geçirememesinin temel nedenidir.

2. Bir millete en çok zarar,
hırsına sınır çekemeyen bilginlerden gelir.
Doymazlık, bilgini, halk için konuşan ‘geveze’ kılar.

Üç şey ki hayret verir insana:
Yok-iken var-olan Âlem;
Âlem’den vara gelen Âdem;
Âdem’den sûret bulan mana…

Ki;

Üç şeyin manası, diğer üç şeye ‘nisbet’-ile anlaşılır:
Âlem[Evren], Adem’e[Yokluk’a];
Âdem[İnsan], Âlem’e;
Söz/Mana ise Âdem’e…

//-: Âşık Paşa

“Zaman, insan’dır.
İnsan iyi ise zaman da iyidir;
insan kötü ise zaman da kötüdür.”
//-: Âşık Paşa

Çünkü;

‘Nizâm-ı Âlem’ insan demektir.
İnsan bozuldu mu nizâm da bozulur âlem de.
Zîrâ ‘nizâm’ ve ‘âlem’ fesâd’a uğrar;
ancak ‘ifsâd’ eden her dâim insandır.

Aşık Paşa, Garipname 

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Istanbul & Northwest Turkey Travel Reference Map WP

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The Turkish Cookbook

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The House of the Virgin Mary in Ephesus: Exploring the History, Faith, Archaeology, and Mysteries of Mary's Final Home Near Ancient Ephesus in Turkey (Ancient History Collection)

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Nizam al-Mulk or “Order of the State” (1018 – 1092): (Tus, Iran) The honorary nickname of the powerful Seljuk vizier Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn Ali of Tuslu. In his work called The Book of the State, he opposed the Ismailis and sided with Ghazali against the threats to traditional Islam.

Nizamülmülk, statesman who served as the vizier of the sultans of the Great Seljuk State Tuğrul Bey, Alparslan and Melikşah.

• The value of knowledge is similar to the energy source from which other candles receive light.
• All people should have a job according to their abilities, and the sultan should not allow people to act on the contrary.
• The army must always be at the disposal of the head of state.

Nizamulmulk

• Date of birth 1018
• Place of birth Tus, Iran
• Date of death 14 October 1092
• Place of death Sehne, Burucerd

……………………………………………

• All hope comes after despair.
• There is no need to worry, God’s evil will be good, the sun will rise, God’s help will reach us and if you do what I say, God willing, the fortune will pass on our will.
• Anger should prevail over the anger of the mind, not the mind.
• When the sultan is just and fair, the work of the reaya always finds peace. God knows best…
• A manager should seek the pleasure of Allah in everything he will do, submit to His orders and serve his way and his servant.
• The truth will forgive the evil, let the sun rise once, Allah’s help will reach us…
• If the ruler wishes to be more honorable and dignified than other rulers, he should decorate his own morals with good qualities.
• If someone says something, do not hear it until you verify it. For, those who hasten in this matter will regret it after that, and then it will not be beneficial.
• A person’s maturity and intellect show themselves in not getting angry.
• There are such people that there is no difference between their friendship and enmity. It is best to stay away from such people.
• If a person thinks he is very smart but does not consult with anyone, he will make a mistake that even the most foolish people would not do, and cannot save himself from doing things that he would be ashamed of.
• By eradicating those who blaspheme the blessing, they become hostile to religion-friendly disbelief. By supporting the religion of the truth, by Allah’s leave, it takes root in the desires and perversions of the flesh.
• Let’s do good while there is an opportunity today, because tomorrow the tough day they call helplessness and desperation comes and the opportunity is gone.
• I will always owe you a debt of gratitude, who will not forget your kindness until my last breath.
• The statesman should not persecute, and even if he is not persecuted, he should know whether the men he has assigned are persecuting. Otherwise, the sigh of the oppressed will eventually return and find itself.
• If I have bread to eat, let me spend the rest of my life in peace.
• Nothing in the world is better than generosity and giving bread…
• The difference that distinguishes the ruler from the others is that his rule is passed.
• As the number of something increases, its value decreases and its prestige decreases.
• If the imam’s prayer is broken, the prayers of all that tribe will be broken…
• The sharpness of the intelligence of the sultans is better than the army of a thousand people.
• It is not wise to burden one person with more than one job and leave dozens of people unemployed.
• Making hasty decisions is for the weak, not the mighty.
• There is no friend closer to me than knowledge in this world. Knowledge is worth a treasure; for you preserve the treasure, and knowledge preserves you.
• Woe to that state if someone commissioned by the state violates the rights of the oppressed, orphans and poor!
• Man’s perfection and reason are in his anger; If he gets angry, the anger should prevail over the anger of his mind, not his mind.
• Justice is the basis of property.
• The value of knowledge is similar to the energy source from which other candles receive light.
• Mazdek was saying that ‘property is common among people’. Because humans are God’s servants and Adam’s children. Each one should use the other’s property according to his needs and no one should be deprived of this right. Everyone should be equal in wealth. Upon Mazdek’s words, everyone put their property into partnership.
• All people should have a job according to their abilities, and the sultan should not allow people to act on the contrary.
• The army should always be at the disposal of the head of state.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

• Bütün ümitler ümitsizliğin arkasından gelir.
• Endişeye mahal yok, Hakk şerleri hayr eyler, güneş bir doğsun, Allah’ın yardımı bize erişecek ve dediklerimi yerine getirirseniz inşallah hayırsıyla muradımız üzre devredecektir felek.
• Kızgınlığın aklına değil, aklının kızgınlığına galip gelmesi lazımdır.
• Padişah insaflı ve adil olunca, reayanın işi hep sükun bulur. En iyisini Allah bilir…
• Yönetici, yapacağı her işte Allah’ın rızasını gözetmeli, O’nun emrine boyun eğerek, yoluna ve kuluna hizmet etmelidir.
• Hakk, şerleri hâyr eyler, güneş bir doğsun, Allâh’ın yardımı bize erişecek…
• Hükümdar diğer hükümdarlardan daha şerefli ve itibarlı olmak dilerse kendi ahlakını iyi hasletlerle donatıp süslemelidir.
• Eğer bir kimse bir şey söylerse, tahkik edinceye kadar onu işitmeyiniz. Zira, bu işte acale edenler, ondan sonra pişman olurlar, o zamand da fayda etmez.
• Kişioğlunun olgunluğu ve aklı, kendisini öfkelenmemekte gösterir.
• Öyle insanlar vardır ki, dostlukları ile düşmanlıkları arasında bir fark yoktur. En iyisi, bu tür insanlardan uzak durmaktır.
• Bir kimse kendini çok akıllı bilir de, kimse ile istişare etmezse, en akılsızların dahi yapmayacağı yanlışı yapar, utanacağı işleri işlemekten kendini kurtaramaz.
• Nimete küfran eyleyenlerin kökünü kazıyarak dine dost küfre hasım olur. Hakkın dinine destek olarak Allah’ın izniyle nefsani arzulara ve sapkınlıklara kök söktürür.
• Bugün fırsat var iken iyilik eyleyelim çünkü yarın acizlik ve çaresizlik dedikleri çetin gün çatar da fırsat kaçar.
• Son nefesime kadar bu iyiliğinizi unutmayacak size teşekkürü daima bir borç bileceğim.
• Devlet adamı zulmetmemeli, zulmetmiyorsa bile vazifelendirdiği adamların zulmedip etmediğini bilmelidir. Yoksa mazlumların ettiği ah, eninde sonunda dönüp kendisini bulacaktır.
• Yiyecek ekmeğim var ise hayatımın geri kalanını selamet içinde geçireyim.
• Dünyada hiçbir iş cömertlikten ve ekmek vermekten daha iyi değildir…
• Hükümdarı diğerlerinden ayıran fark onun hükmünün geçmesidir.
• Bir şeyin sayısı arttıkça değeri düşer ve saygınlığı azalır.
• Eğer imamın namazı bozuk olursa, bütün o kavmin namazı bozuk olur…
• Padişahların zekâlarının keskinliği bin kişilik ordudan daha evladır.
• Bir kişiye birden fazla iş yükleyip, onlarca kişiyi işsiz bırakmak akıl kârı değildir.
• Acele karar vermek, kudretli kişilerin değil, zayıfların işidir.
• Şu cihanda bana ilimden daha yakın bir dost bulunmaz. İlim hazineye bedeldir; zira hazineyi sen muhafaza edersin, ilim ise seni muhafaza eder.
• Devletin vazifelendirdiği birisi, mazlumun, yetim ve fukaranın hakkını yerse, vay o devletin haline!
• İnsanın mükemmelliği ve aklı kızmasındadır; eğer kızarsa kızgınlığın aklına değil aklının kızgınlığına galip gelmesi lazımdır.
• Adalet mülkün temelidir.
• İlmin değeri de diğer mumların kendisinden ışık aldığı enerji kaynağına benzer.
• Mazdek, ‘mal insanlar arasında ortaktır’ diyordu. Çünkü insanlar, Tanrı’nın kulları ve Adem’in çocuklarıdır. Her biri ihtiyacına göre ötekinin malını kullanmalı ve hiç kimse bu haktan yoksun kalmamalıdır. Herkes malca eşit olmalıdır. Mazdek’in bu sözleri üzerine herkes malını ortaklığa koymuştu.
• Bütün insanların kabiliyetlerine göre bir işi olmalı, bunun aksine hareket edilmesine padişah izin vermemeli.
• Ordu, devlet başkanının emrine her zaman amade olmalıdır.

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Abu Abdullah Muhammed Al-Khorezmi (780–850): He is from Khwarezm (Uzbekistan). He worked in Baghdad. He systematized and named algebra. He contributed to the global understanding of geometry in the Arab and Western world. He advocated the necessity of the decimal system. He gave his name to the algorithm. Kutrubbul (?) 780 of Baghdad, Baghdad 813-850. Astronomer and prominent Muslim mathematician. The person who recites Indian numerals. Transoxiana Khiva, Uzbekistan. Mathematics, Astronomy. He came from Khwarezm and lived in Baghdad. He systematized algebra and gave it its name, made great contributions to the understanding of geometry, advocated the step system, and collected data on the location of 2,402 points on Earth.

TIME

“In fact, it is the human need to calculate that reflects everything. I discovered that everything contains numbers, and I discovered that number is nothing more than combining units. All numbers are expressed together for these reasons. However, I discovered that all numbers are arranged by deriving numbers up to ten. “

Harezmi (780-850)

GROUND

“I begin with the name of Allah who is the forgiving and forgiving, and I declare that the book called El-Kitâb el-Muhtasar fi Hisâb al-Jabr ve al-Muqâbele was published by Muhammad ibn-Musâ al-Khwarizmi. Muhammad says; Thanks be to Allah, who gave us the power to discover important numbers. In fact, it is the human need to calculate that reflects everything. I discovered that everything contains numbers, and I discovered that the number is nothing more than combining units. Therefore, all numbers are expressed together. However, I discovered that all numbers are arranged by the derivation of numbers up to ten. The number ten is evaluated together in the same way and is therefore calculated in the same way twice or three times as in the case of unity. So twice as 10 becomes 20, and three times it becomes 30. And in this way, you can reach 100 by 10 times. Again, just like 10, two and three times of 100 can be taken in this way. The number can be enlarged up to thousand with two times, three times etc. In this way, the investigation of the infinite number is made by taking the multiples of the thousand and naming the numbers in various ways.

Harezmi (780-850)

MIND

“In addition, the simplification and crossing over that I found occurs between three types. These; called roots, squares, and numbers. However, the numbers are neither linked only by roots nor by their squares. Of these, a root consists of units of a number that can be multiplied by itself. The square is the result of multiplying the root with itself. Two of these three forms can be equal to another, for example;

Squares equalization to roots,
Squares equal numbers,
Equating roots to numbers “

Harezmi (780-850)

“A scientist either writes a work on a subject that no one has determined before him, or explains the subjects left closed by the scientists before him, makes it easier and understandable, or removes the deficiencies in the previously written works, corrects the mistakes”

“Thanks to God who empowered the discovery of important numbers.”

Harezmi (780-850)

DISCOVERY AND HAREZM OF ZERO

The inventor of zero is HAREZMİ. We are among the firsts starting with HAREZMİ and continuing with MATURİDİ. Our line of belief in the mind / mind in belief, which started with Harezmi, has gained continuity with Maturidi.

Our earliest thinker is Musa El Harezmi (780-850). Khorasan-Istanbul is an ancient line. The meanings of Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) and Kutadgu Bilig (Khorasan) are the same; SACRED KNOWLEDGE. The line that Alexander the Great headed with in 334 BC with the Asian Expedition is a multicultural line; Alexander went from that line to India. There is a meridian 0 (Hagia Sophia, Istanbul) and zero (Harezmi, Khorasan) on that line.

1000 years after Alexander the Great, this time the same line started to be active in the opposite direction, and information flow began to Baghdad, Istanbul and Europe via Khorasan. During the Khwarezmi period, Baghdad had become the center of philosophical intellectual studies uniting the West and East, India and the Mediterranean.

The statement of the late Erbakan, “If we ask the West for the patent of Zero, they cannot pay their debts if they give us 10 New York, 15 Paris, 20 London” is actually enough to explain the issue of zero and its importance.

With his work titled El-Cebr ve’l-Muqabele, which was systematically written for the first time on algebra, Harezmî revived the primitive algebra, basing all its solutions with geometric thoughts and put it into a systematic form.

‘Zero’ means ‘absence’ is an expression of something that is actually not. It is necessary to take an action for the zero to emerge. When we subtract one from one, it remains zero. In other words, an operation is absolutely necessary for zero. Let’s say we subtract one gold from one gold; the result is zero. So what happened to those gold coins? They stop, nothing happened to them. However, a zero emerged, or rather, “nothing” emerged. A “zero”, that is, “non-content” number emerged.

It was impossible to do mathematics with Latin numerals (originating from letters). Al-Khwarizmi is the father of all modern mathematics as the person who finds “zero”. He is the one who discovered the science of algebra. The logarithm exists with it today. As with other mathematical sciences. To whom do we owe the number of zeroes that I often come across in our money, exam notes or the codes of our computer (We know that computers use the binary system. That is to say, only 1 and 0 .. So if it were not zero, it would be almost impossible to use an object called a computer today)? Pay attention to these words:

“When eight leave the other eight, nothing remains.

Put a circle so it doesn’t stay empty! ”

That’s what Harezmi says; In his second work, which tells about Indian account and has been translated into Latin .. So Kitab al-Concise elephant Hisap al Hind ‘de. The use of the number system from 1 to 9 and the number zero in Europe is after the translation of Khwarezmî’s work into European languages. Until this date, the numeral system called Roman numerals was used in Europe, and it was impossible to develop mathematics with them.

It is worth noting that the Indians felt the presence of zero for the first time and they used spaces instead of zero when writing numbers. This is not at all practical. But what gives him a symbol and identity and in his work

“It is possible to do all operations with 9 numbers and this new symbol”

The concept of zero and HAREZMI

Harezmi is the true explorer of zero. So he is the man who completes the decimal system by adding zero to other numbers. Thus, the zero, which the Indians call sunya, attained its true identity with aerospace, which means hollow in the Islamic scientific world, and started its journey to Europe. The Germans called it ziffer and the French called it chiffre. There is something very interesting about the French name of zero alone. Chiffre also means password.

Do you think the French, feeling the magnificent power of zero, think what the password hidden in it is? Harezmî, for the first time, first and second degree equations with analytical method; He determined the rules and methods of solving equations with one unknown using algebraic and geometrical methods. Harezmî, who used the number zero in mathematics for the first time, introduced the science of algebra methodically and systematically. He systematized the topics of algebra before him under the name of “algebra” for the first time.

The first act of mathematics is counting… When the number system started to form, people knew only 1 and 2 for a very long time. Finding zero is much later. Humanity has lived without zero for centuries.

The Indians were the first to find it.

Harezmi is the first person who introduced this concept to the Islamic world and used it to calculate. In the first part of the Algebra Book devoted to the “Definition of Decimal Numbers”, Harezmi said:

When I thought, “What do people usually expect from calculation ?, I saw that the expected number is always.”

And “Kitâbu’l-Hisâbi’l-Hind” started to be written. The work was about operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, which we call four operations in arithmetic today. Indian numerals and the decimal number system entered the Islamic world with this work. Like the Algebra book, this work became the main source of all arithmetic books until the middle of the Western Renaissance.

Thanks to these two important mathematical works of Harezmi, the Indian numeral and calculus system, which was perfected by the Harezmi, began to replace the letter-number and calculus system, which has been in force in the West since the Romans.

Realizing that all numbers can be written with nine Indian numerals and a zero sign, while translating Harezmi’s book into Latin, Italian mathematician Fibonacci started the “Book of Abacus” with the following sentence, which would seem quite strange and incomprehensible for Europe:

“All numbers can be written with nine Indian numbers and a zero sign.”

And humanity is learning to count. Thanks to Harezmî, who systematically explained the number system and the art of calculus.

He worked on the basis of algebra in the field of mathematics. He found the basis of the binary number system and zero (0), which is the basis of today’s electronics. The word algebra comes from “El-Kitab`ül-Concise Hisab`il Algebra and Reaction” (book on algebra and equation).

His studies in mathematics form the basis of algebra. It was also determined that he used the digit number system instead of letters and syllables to express numbers for a period. The book of Calculus Algebra wal-Reaction is the first book in the field of mathematics in which systematic solutions of equations with first and second order unknowns are included. For this reason, Harezmi is known as the father of algebra.

Harezmi, who used zero for the first time in mathematics, is considered the founder of today’s algebra and trigonometry. He found ways to solve first and second order equations by analytical method and equations with one unknowns by algebraic and geometric methods.

“The number zero was banned in Europe for a long time as the invention of Muslim Turks and was excommunicated by the church. Both Kabbalists and Pythagoras explained the value of everything in the universe in numbers, but they could not calculate the value of something.

That thing they could not calculate was actually not “something”. Absence! How would something be marked? This figure was gifted to the world by an Uzbek Turk (780-850) who can be described as the greatest scientist in the history of mathematics:

“When eight leave the other eight, nothing remains. Put a circle so it doesn’t stay empty! ”

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Great Escapes Mediterranean. The Hotel Book

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DK Turkey: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Bodrum, & more (Travel Guide)

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Crescent & Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

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The Amazing Mrs. Pollifax (Mrs. Pollifax Series Book 2)

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The Idiot: A Novel

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Lonely Planet Turkiye: Plan the Trip of a Lifetime | Detailed Itineraries & Maps | Insider Tips | Covers Istanbul, Troy, Izmir and more (Travel Guide)

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God's Battalions: A Study of the Crusades, Christian Warfare, and the Fight for the Holy Land

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Türkiye (Turkey) Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3018)

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Abu Hanifa (699-767): (grandfathers of Uzbekistan) Kufa 699, Mecca, Baghdad (prison) 767: Islamic theologian (theologian) and legal scholar (faqih). Mesopotamia Kufa Iraq. “If what I don’t know was under my feet, my head would touch the highest floor of the sky. “His grandfather is from Tirmidhi, Uzbekistan, his lineage went to Iraq.

Imam-i Azam Abu Hanifa, 699 -767

He is the founder of the Hanafi school. He is from Khorasan Turks. He has combined the mind and faith.

Northern Islam (Hanafi) line

Turkey,
Balkans,
Turkistan (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan),
Egypt (some regions),
North of the Middle East (Syria, Iraq, Jordan),
Indian subcontinent (in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan),
In China’s Xinjiang Uyghur province,
It became widespread in the Caucasus, and a large map emerged.
With Maturidiism (844-944), the aspect of belief deepened.

The Hanafi school is the largest of the four Sunni schools in terms of population. Its followers make up about 56% of the entire Islamic world.

Mission: Faith and Reason
Vision: Hanafism

“If what I don’t know was under my feet, my head would be worth the highest floor of the sky.”

Rough Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook: 2026-2027 | Insider Tips | Must-See Sights | Maps & Itineraries | Covers: Istanbul, Cappadocia, the Turquoise Coast and more

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Istanbul In Pictures: A Stunning Travel Photography Book Featuring the Most Beautiful Attractions, Iconic Landmarks, and Top Places to Explore (Full Color)

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Lonely Planet Istanbul (Travel Guide)

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Crescent & Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

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The Turkish Cookbook

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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Istanbul a City of The World's Desire: a Photo Travel Experience

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The Mini Rough Guide to Istanbul and the Aegean Coast: Travel Guide with eBook

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ISTANBUL Travel Guide 2026: Where Two Continents Meet: The Complete Insider's Guide to Exploring the World's Most Captivating City

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After Happy Ever After: He thinks it's a normal holiday to Istanbul, she has other plans. (Adam's Adventures Book 4)

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Lonely Planet Turkish Phrasebook & Dictionary: Learn Essential Phrases & Vocabulary | 3,500 Word Two-Way Dictionary | Pull-Out Fast Phrases Card | Travel with Confidence

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Conversational Turkish Dialogues: Over 100 Turkish Conversations and Short Stories (Conversational Turkish Dual Language Books)

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What's So Special About Istanbul?: A Solva Publishing Travel Guide (A Solva Publishing Travel Guide Series)

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Notes on a Foreign Country: An American Abroad in a Post-American World

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Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)

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Türkiye (Turkey) Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3018)

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The Christian Traveler's Guide to the Holy Land

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Istanbul: Memories and the City (Vintage International)

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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

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Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul (Pocket Guide)

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https://kulturenvanteri.com/yer/bilge-kagan-yaziti/#16/47.557312/102.836708

Blue sky above

When space is created below,

Between the two of them,

Human beings are created.

Bilge Khagan Inscription 

Bilge Kagan Inscription

Üze kök Tengri

Asra yağız yir kılındukda

İkin ara kişi oğlı kılınmış.

Üstte mavi gök,

Altta yağız yer kılındıkta,

İkisi arasında insanoğlu kılınmış.

Bilge Kağan Yazıtı

Bilge Qaghan inscriptions The Bilga Khagan monument or Bilge Khagan inscription is one of the oldest inscriptions in the Turkic language. It is one of the monuments known as Orkhon monuments. This monument was erected by his son Tengri khagan a year after the death of Bilga khagan (73). What is written in this monument, as in the monument of Kultig, is in the language of Bilga Khagan

Bilge Kagan Inscription
The Bilge Kagan Monument is also known as the Bilge Kagan Inscription.

Group: Memorial Building
Type: Inscription
Culture: Göktürk
century: 8th century
Region: Mongolia, Arhangay

The Bilge Kagan Inscription or the Bilge Kagan Inscription is one of the oldest inscriptions of the Turkish language. It is one of the inscriptions known as the Orkhon Inscriptions.

This inscription was erected by his own son, Tengri Kagan, one year (735) after Bilge Kagan’s death (734). The speaker in this inscription is Bilge Kagan, as in the Kul Tigin inscription.

It is located near the Orkhon River in Mongolia. The distance between the Bilge Kagan Inscription and the Kul Tigin Inscription is one kilometer. Written in Göktürk script. Some parts of it were quoted from the Kül Tigin Inscription. Unlike him, he also told the events after Kul Tigin’s death. There are also balbals around the tomb of Bilge Kagan around the Kul Tigin inscriptions. These were written by Yollug Tigin.

Istanbul Travel Guide 2026: A First-Timer’s Guide to the Streets, Food, History and Hidden Neighbourhoods of the City Where Europe Meets Asia

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The Mini Rough Guide to Istanbul and the Aegean Coast: Travel Guide with eBook

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Rough Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook: 2026-2027 | Insider Tips | Must-See Sights | Maps & Itineraries | Covers: Istanbul, Cappadocia, the Turquoise Coast and more

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Istanbul & Northwest Turkey Travel Reference Map WP

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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Istanbul: The Imperial City

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Lonely Planet Turkiye: Plan the Trip of a Lifetime | Detailed Itineraries & Maps | Insider Tips | Covers Istanbul,Thrace, Marmara, Izmir, Bodrum, Antalya, Cappadocia and more (Travel Guide)

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Istanbul a City of The World's Desire: a Photo Travel Experience

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Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)

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Great Escapes Mediterranean. The Hotel Book

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Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul (Pocket Guide)

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Istanbul: The Monocle Travel Guide Series

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God's Battalions: A Study of the Crusades, Christian Warfare, and the Fight for the Holy Land

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Istanbul: City of Majesty at the Crossroads of the World

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Lonely Planet Turkiye: Plan the Trip of a Lifetime | Detailed Itineraries & Maps | Insider Tips | Covers Istanbul,Thrace, Marmara, Izmir, Bodrum, Antalya, Cappadocia and more (Travel Guide)

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DK Turkey: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Bodrum, & more (Travel Guide)

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The Christian Traveler's Guide to the Holy Land

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A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey

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Türkiye (Turkey) Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3018)

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Envy, greed and avarice do not suit the human being; it makes those who talk about the heart, mercy and compassion become dishonest.

There is a huge difference between believing, faith and assuming that the only true believer is himself and his likenesses (appropriating the truth). However, the fanatic, who has built his life on prejudices and cursing those who are not like him, has no way of seeing this difference.

Shah Hatayi‘s saying “I have a problem, I can’t change for a thousand cures” is not just a mystical understanding, it is the basic fact of our existence. Being human condemns us to a life affliction, trouble, and worry. We have to constantly work and strive for certain goals.

We buried our Mevlana, we came to our work. There is no better teacher than death, what did you I learn from this death as a doctor, this is the following: We say that the flood goes away, the sand remains, here are “the memories glued to our hearts with love…” “If human dies, the skin dies, souls are not dead”, “lovers don’t die”, I understood!

While psychoanalysts pondered the psychology of the abject, they limited the field to the issue of ‘what we call disgusting’. However, what we really need to think about is why some people deliberately try to be “disgusting” in the eyes of people…

Man is a part of his homeland that he has internalized and made himself; Wherever he goes, he takes his homeland with him. It is true, but still, when he is separated from his homeland, he burns with longing, just as he misses his mother, father, brother, friend, loved one even though he lives in his love.

The familiarity relationship with the environment we live in creates their identity together with our identity and we define ourselves and our identity with them. Space, which has become a part of our lives, gradually turns into our second body. Homeland, in a way, is the environment within us.

Environmental psychology studies show that the space and community lives we live in are not free from emotional investments. Starting from our birth, we invest our emotions in our own body, in the things we love, in people, things. What we call “I” is the sum of them.

It is best to be patient and understanding with young people, while drawing clear boundaries and showing a consistent example in the moral principles advocated. If we constantly humiliate and push young people away, we will do nothing but fog up our future.

Those who know me know how fierce my anger is, especially in the face of injustice and irresponsibility. If we often put our kindness before our anger here, it is not because we are “manly kind” as it is said in Denizli. Our concern is not to set a bad example for our youth, not to hurt them.

“What really makes me wonder is why the world has come to be the way it is, what human material has brought us so much trouble? Only the reasons for the passion for prosperity, the desire for unlimited growth, the temperament; What happens to our people who don’t give up on worldly goods?” (1989)

While the visions on the world picture and the unscrupulousness we see increase the anxiety for the future of humanity, it also shows that new concepts are needed to explain the landscape. For example, we need a concept like “the virtuous super ego”. They have no morals but some have rules

There is only a four-point difference between “death” (ölüm) and “being” (olum). Every “being” is also “dead”. That’s why it is said, “There is no cure for the one who has died”.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

Haset, açgözlülük ve tamahkarlık, insan olan kimseye yakışmaz; kalpten, rahmetten, merhametten söz edenleri ise sahtekar durumuna düşürür.

İnanmak, iman etmek ile tek ve en doğru inananın kendisi ve tıpkı benzerleri olduğunu sanmak (hakikati temellük etmek) arasında dağlar kadar fark var. Ne ki hayatını önyargıları ve kendisi gibi olmayanı lanetlemek üzerine kurmuş fanatiğin bu farkı görmesine imkan yok.

Şah Hatayi’nin “Bir derdim var bin dermana değişmem” deyişi, sadece tasavvufi bir idrak değil, varoluşumuzun temel gerçeği. İnsan olmamız bizi bir hayat gailesine, derde, tasaya mahkûm ediyor. Belli amaçlar uğruna mütemadiyen çalışıp çabalamak zorundayız.

Mevlana’mızı toprağa verdik, geldik işimizin başına. Ölümden iyi öğretmen yok, sen ne öğrendin bu ölümden doktor derseniz, şudur: Sel gider kum kalır diyoruz ya, işte o kumlar sevgiyle kalbimize raptolmuş hatıralar…”Ölürse ten ölür, canlar ölesi değil”, “aşıklar ölmez”, anladım!

Psikanalistler, iğrencin psikolojisi üzerine kafa yorarken alanı “neye iğrenç dediğimiz” konusuyla sınırladılar. Oysa asıl düşünmemiz gereken, bazılarının niye insanların gözünde bilerek isteyerek “iğrenç” olmaya çalıştıkları…

İnsan, içselleştirdiği, kendinin kıldığı vatanının bir parçasıdır; nereye gitse birlikte vatanını da götürür. Doğru ama yine de vatanından ayrı kaldığında özlemiyle yanar, tıpkı sevgisinin içinde yaşadığı halde anasını, babasını, kardeşini, dostunu, sevdiğini özlediği gibi özler.

Yaşadığımız çevre ile aşinalık ilişkisi, onların kimliğini bizim kimliğimizle birlikte oluşturur ve benliğimizi, kimliğimizi onlarla tanımlarız. Hayatımızın bir parçası haline gelmiş olan mekân, giderek adeta ikinci bedenimiz hâline dönüşür. Vatan bir bakıma içimizdeki çevredir.

Çevre psikolojisi çalışmaları göstermektedir ki içinde yaşadığımız mekân ve topluluk yaşantıları da duygusal yatırımlardan arî değildir. Doğumumuzdan başlayarak duygularımızı kendi bedenimize, sevdiğimiz varlıklara, insanlara, eşyaya yatırırız. “Ben” dediğimiz onların toplamıdır.

Gençlere karşı sabırlı ve anlayışlı olmak ama bu arada sınırları net olarak çizmek ve savunulan ahlaki ilkelerde tutarlı bir örneklik göstermek en iyi yoldur. Gençleri sürekli aşağılayıp itip kakarsak geleceğimizi sislendirmekten başka bir şey yapmış olmayız.

Beni tanıyanlar özellikle adaletsizlik ve sorumsuzluk karşısında ne şedid bir öfkem olduğunu bilirler. Burada çoğu zaman nezaketimizi öfkemizin önüne geçiriyorsak sebebi bizim Denizli’de dendiği gibi “uyuz kibar” olmamız değil. Derdimiz gençlerimize kötü örnek olmamak, incitmemek

“Beni asıl düşündüren dünyanın neden bu hale geldiği, hangi insan malzemesinin başımıza bunca belayı getirdiği? Yalnızca refah tutkusunun, sınırsız büyüme arzusunun, maymun iştahlılığın nedenleri; dünya malına yüz vermeyen insanımıza ne olduğu?”(1989)

Dünya tablosu üzerine tasavvurlar ve gördüğümüz vicdansızlıklar, insanlığın geleceği adına kaygıyı artırırken, manzarayı izah için yeni kavramlara ihtiyaç olduğunu da gösteriyor. ”Erdemsiz süper ego” gibi bir kavram lazım mesela. Hiçbir ahlaki değeri yok ama kuralları var bazısının

“Ölüm” ile “olum” arasında dört noktalık bir fark var sadece. Her ” olan” aynı zamanda “ölen”dir. İşte bu yüzden “Olmuşla ölmüşe çare yoktur” denilir.

After Happy Ever After: He thinks it's a normal holiday to Istanbul, she has other plans. (Adam's Adventures Book 4)

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Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)

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Everything about Turkey: A Fun and Colorful Guide to Turkey’s History, Culture, Landmarks, and More (Little Explorers Around the World)

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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

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Insight Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook: 2026-2027 | Culture & Society | Must-See Sights | Stunning Photos | Expert Advice | Covers: Istanbul, Cappadocia, Ephesus and more

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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Rough Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook: 2026-2027 | Insider Tips | Must-See Sights | Maps & Itineraries | Covers: Istanbul, Cappadocia, the Turquoise Coast and more

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The Mini Rough Guide to Istanbul and the Aegean Coast: Travel Guide with eBook

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Istanbul: The Imperial City

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The Turkish Cookbook

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Shadow of the Silk Road

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Lonely Planet The Mediterranean: Over 30 Mesmerising Cities & Islands | 15 Weekend Long Road Trip Itineraries | Tips on Where to Eat & What to See | Stunning Photography

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The Essential Travel Guide to Turkiye: Iconic Sights, Authentic Food and Smart Travel Tips From A Local (Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya and Beyond)

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Great Escapes Mediterranean. The Hotel Book

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Istanbul: Memories and the City (Vintage International)

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

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Notes on a Foreign Country: An American Abroad in a Post-American World

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Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire

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The Idiot: A Novel

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Istanbul: The Monocle Travel Guide Series

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