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Multi-Polar Near Future/ 2nd Great Game

Levent Ağaoğlu
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Multi-Polar Near Future/ 2nd Great Game

The Great Game

 

The conflict that was played out between England and Russia in Asia as the Great Game in the mid-19th century will take the stage again in the Eurasian continent, this time starting from the second quarter of the 21st century , with the participation of new players such as  India and China in the Yalta trio of the USA, Russia and England .

The world that was designed as bipolar at the end of the Second World War is now a multipolar world, parallel to the melting of the ice in the North Pole. England, which prejudicedly believed that it could pull India away from Russia by making Russia and Ukraine fight, was wrong this time.

On the contrary, the ties between Russia and India have been strengthened. During the period when Trump is the US president, the Russia -Ukraine War will probably come to an end. However, in the second big game that is being staged this time, the desired thing is for India , which has not been separated from Russia , to stand with the US and England together with Russia , and for China to be placed on this board, unlike Russia , which is being put on the target board . Because, once again, what they believe with prejudice is that China and India are each other’s fierce enemies.

The aim of England , which staged the Great Game in the 19th century, was to prevent Russia from reaching the warm seas and the Indian Ocean via India . This was achieved, but in the meantime Russia consolidated its dominance and evolved into the Soviet Union, becoming a pole by winning the second war. England , which could not emerge victorious from this war , found the solution in supporting itself on the side of the USA .

On the other hand, the USA , one of the two victorious powers in the war, pulled China to its side in the early 1970s and positioned it in a position against Russia , and to ensure this, China entered into a partnership with China , paving the way for China ‘s economic growth. It seems that the disruption of the Russia-China partnership has cost so much that now it is trying to put China on its target board by pulling Russia to its side . 

The US has a very difficult job because they are represented by strong leaders, both China and Russia , and it does not seem possible for them to fall for such a trick. The cost of slowing down China with customs duties and slowing it down will be cost inflation and rising prices due to the high labor costs determined as $15/hour within the US .

Mercantilist practices in foreign trade are an outdated method that is 200 years behind and will be equalized with sanctions and embargoes and retaliation. The West, which could not destroy Russia in the Ukraine War with embargoes , is now threatening all the countries of the world.

The US, which benefits from the consumer desires of the global market with its globalized brands , is now trying to prevent producers in those countries from benefiting from the US by issuing threats. So, with the fall of the Berlin Wall in the nineties, the slogans such as democracy, human rights and the like that used for 35 years are no longer valid, and this time the US has had to show its ugly face.

In the environment where we breathe such a climate of thought, a sharing similar to the Yalta sharing does not seem possible among these five global powers, interests will not be shared. Having lost its competitive power in production, the USA is now trying to artificially exclude competitive prices outside its country from competition by increasing customs duties.

The USA , which advocates free trade in the world and boasts of leading the fall of the Berlin Wall, is now trying to hide behind customs walls by expanding its territory through occupations. We can assume that the USA , which exports coups and wars to the world , may become an importer in the near future; this is an important possibility.

When we look at the issue from Turkey’s perspective, Turkey , which was pushed to the western camp with the agreement between the big three of the time, the USA , England and Russia , and was forced to give up its independent foreign policy in the Yalta sharing, is in a position bordering Russia , China and India , with its dual-core geopolitical location centered on the five seas and including the Turkestan countries through the Turkic States Organization .

Efforts should be made to strengthen the unity of the BRICS founding countries in the face of increasing pressures by developing cooperation between Russia , Turkey , China and India , which is a reflection of the scenario desired by the US and the UK from a reverse angle , and by taking part in solving the problems between Pakistan and India , and between India and China .

The initiative that Turkey will take at the Eurasia/Afrasia intersection by inviting the Turkestan states to the Greater Mediterranean Union initiative will elevate the Second Great Game to a different position.

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Çok Kutuplu Yakın Gelecek/ 2.Büyük Oyun

Levent Ağaoğlu
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Çok Kutuplu Yakın Gelecek/ 2.Büyük Oyun

Büyük Oyun – The Great Game

 

19.yüzyıl ortalarında Asya’da Büyük Oyun olarak İngiltere ve Rusya arasında sergilenen çekişme, bu kez 21.yüzyılın 2.çeyreğinden itibaren Avrasya kıtasında ABD, Rusya, İngiltere Yalta üçlüsüne, Hindistan, Çin gibi yeni oyuncuların katılımı ile birlikte tekrardan sahne alacaktır. 

2.Savaş bitiminde iki kutuplu olarak tasarlanan dünya, kuzey kutbundaki buzulların ermesine koşut olarak artık çok kutuplu bir dünyadır. Rusya ile Ukrayna‘yı savaştırarak, Hindistan’ı Rusya’nın yanından çekebileceğine ön yargılı olarak inanan İngiltere bu kez yanılmıştır.

Rusya ile Hindistan arasındaki bağlar aksine kuvvetlenmiştir. Trump’ın ABD başkanı olduğu süreçte ise bu kez Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı da herhalde son bulmuş olacaktır. Fakat bu kez sahneye konulan ikinci büyük oyunda ise arzulanan Rusya’nın yanından kopartılmayan Hindistan’ın, Rusya ile birlikte ABD ve İngiltere’nin yanında yer alması ve hedef tahtasına konulan Rusya’nın tersine bu kez bu tahtaya Çin’in yerleştirilmesi olacaktır. Çünkü, tekrar önyargıyla inandıkları husus; Çin ile Hindistan ile birbirlerinin azılı düşmanı olduklarıdır.

Büyük Oyunu 19. yüzyılda sahneye koyan İngiltere’nin maksadı Rusya’nın, Hindistan üzerinden sıcak denizlere ve Hint Okyanusuna inmesinin engellenmesiydi. Bu başarılmış, fakat bu arada Rusya hakimiyetini pekiştirmiş ve Sovyetler Birliği’ne evrilerek ikinci savaştan da galip çıkarak bir kutup haline gelmiştir. İngiltere ise bu savaştan galip olarak ayrılamayan İngiltere, kendisini ABD’nin yanına yedeklemekte bulmuştu çareyi.

Diğer yandan savaştan galibiyetle ayrılan iki güçten birisi olan ABD ise 1970’li yılların başında Çin’i yanına çekerek, Rusya’ya karşıt bir mevzide konumlandırmış ve bunu temin etmek iÇin de Çin’le bir ortaklığa girişerek, Çin’in iktisadi olarak büyümesinin yolunu açmıştır. Anlaşılan o ki Rusya-Çin birlikteliğinin bozulması o kadar çok pahalıya patlamıştır ki, şimdi bu kez Rusya’yı yanına çekerek, Çin’i hedef tahtasına koymaya çalışmaktadır. 

ABD’nin işi son derece zordur, çünkü Çin olsun, Rusya olsun güçlü liderlerle temsil edilmektedir ve böylesine bir oyuna gelmeleri pek de mümkün gözükmemektedir. Çin’in hızını gümrük vergileri ile kesmenin, Çin’i yavaşlatmanın bedeli ise, ABD’nin kendi içerisindeki 15 $ / saat olarak tespit edilmiş yüksek işçilik maliyetleri yüzünden, maliyet enflasyonu ve artan fiyatlar olarak mümkün olacaktır.

Dış ticarette merkantilist uygulamalar 200 yıl geride kalmış demode bir yöntemdir ve yaptırımlar, ambargolar ise misillemeler ile egale edilecektir. Ambargolarla Ukrayna Savaşı’nda Rusya’yı yıkamayan Batı bu kez dünyanın tüm ülkelerine tehditler savurmaktadır.

Küresel pazardaki tüketicilerin tüketim arzularından, küreselleştirdiği markaları ile nemalanan ABD, bu kez o ülkelerdeki üreticilerin ABD’den nemalanmasını tehditler savurarak engellemeye çalışmaktadır. Demek ki doksanlı yıllarda Berlin duvarının yıkılmasıyla birlikte 35 yıldır kullanılan demokrasi, insan hakları ve benzeri sloganların hükmü kalmamış, bu kez ABD çirkin yüzünü göstermek zorunda kalmıştır.

Böylesi bir düşünce iklimini soluduğumuz ortamda, Yalta paylaşımı benzeri bir paylaşım bu beş küresel güç arasında pek mümkün gözükmemektedir, menfaatler paylaşılamayacaktır. Üretimdeki rekabetçi gücünü kaybeden ABD bu kez de gümrük vergilerini yükselterek ülkesi dışındaki rekabetçi fiyatları suni bir şekilde rekabet dışına etmeye çalışmaktadır.

Dünyada serbest ticareti savunan, Berlin duvarının yıkılışına öncülük etmekle övünen ABD bu kez topraklarını işgaller yoluyla genişleterek gümrük duvarları arkasına saklanmaya çalışmaktadır. Dünyaya darbeler ve savaşları ihraç eden ABD’nin yakın bir gelecekte bu konuda ithalatçı konuma yükselebileceğini farz edebiliriz, bu önemli bir ihtimaldir.

Konuya Türkiye açısından baktığımızda ise Yalta paylaşımında zamanın üç büyüğü olan ABD, İngiltere ve Rusya arasındaki anlaşma ile batı kampına itilen, bağımsız dış politikasından feragat etmek zorunda kalan Türkiye ise beş denizi merkeze alan ve Türk  Devletler Teşkilatı kanalıyla Türkistan ülkelerini de kapsayan çift çekirdekli jeopolitik konumu ile birlikte, Rusya, Çin ve Hindistan ile sınırdaş bir konumdadır.

ABD ve İngiltere’nin arzuladığı senaryonun ters bir açı ile izdüşümü olan Rusya, Türkiye, Çin, Hindistan işbirliğinin geliştirilerek, Pakistan ve Hindistan arasındaki, Hindistan ve Çin arasındaki sorunların çözümünde rol alarak, BRICS kurucu ülkelerinin, artan baskılar karşısında birlikteliklerinin sağlamlaştırılması konusunda çabalar gösterilmelidir.

Türkiye’nin, Türkistan devletlerini de Büyük Akdeniz Birliği girişimine davet ederek, Avrasya/Afrasya kesişim noktasında alacağı inisiyatif, 2.Büyük Oyun’u farklı bir konuma yükseltecektir.

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DK Turkey: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Bodrum, & more (Travel Guide)
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Production, Trade and US Hegemony

Levent Ağaoğlu
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0
Production, Trade and US Hegemony

Map of countries with Starbucks  branches as of 2022 

With Trump, the US is increasing customs duties to a huge extent in order to encourage production in its own country. It is also threatening embargoes to countries that do not submit to its economic and political policies.

The important question in this situation is that it started with Coca Cola in countries other than its own, then with Pepsi Cola, McDonalds, KFC, Burger King and Starbucks, Malboro , food and beverage and tobacco sector brands, then with Microsoft, iPhone, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube and Hollywood, Netflix products in the entertainment sector, it has occupied the vast majority of countries in the world.

Currently , McDonald’s is the world’s second largest fast food restaurant chain after the casual sandwich chain Subway . It has an estimated 36,889 locations in 120 countries, serving approximately 68 million consumers each day.

The Coca-Cola branded beverage products are delivered to consumers in more than 200 countries and territories through a network of consolidated bottling and distribution operations that produce, package, market and distribute finished branded beverages to customers and affiliates, as well as independent bottling partners.

As of 2021, there are 33,833 Starbucks branches in the world.

List of countries with Starbucks branches – Wikipedia

In such a tragic situation, the question that the administrations and consumers of the world countries should ask is as follows. The USA has a huge hand in the pockets of people outside its own country, its hand reaches into people’s pockets, but these countries’ exports to the USA are blocked with high customs walls and unemployment is tried to be created in these countries by shifting production to the USA.

In fact, it is the USA itself that created the giant production power called China today, and now, because it created it, it is trying to gain superiority by calling all production to the USA against the power of its monster, and is trying to regain the superiority it has lost. This has nothing to do with human values, democracy, freedom of expression and the so-called values ​​that are sloganized by the USA, what is in question is a hegemonic relationship.

Boycotts cannot be the solution to this dramatic problem, so the main question of the coming period will be what kind of solutions countries will find together against the USA, which has condemned the world and the continents to itself with the divide-and-rule Aristotelian tactic.

Turkey is at a negligible level in US imports. However, there is an occupation of Turkish territory through bases and NATO. It is important how Turkey’s trump cards will be used against embargoes, customs duty increases and actions.

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Üretim, Ticaret ve ABD Hegemonyası

Levent Ağaoğlu
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0
Üretim, Ticaret ve ABD Hegemonyası

2022 yılı itibarıyla Starbucks şubesi bulunan ülkeler haritası

Trump ile birlikte ABD kendi ülkesinde üretimi teşvik etmek amacı ile gümrük vergilerini devasa ölçülerde yükseltme yoluna gitmektedir. Ayrıca kendi iktisadi ve siyasi politikalarına boyun eğmeyen ülkelere ambargo tehdidini savurmaktadır.

Bu durumdaki önemli soru ise kendi dışındaki ülkelere Coca Cola ile başlayan devamında Pepsi Cola, McDonalds, KFC, Burger King ve Starbucks, Malboro gibi gıda ve içecek ve tütün sektörü markaları ardından Microsoft, Iphone, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Youtube ve Eğlence sektörü olarak Holywood, Netflix ürünleri ile dünyadaki ülkelerin büyük çoğunluğunu işgal etmiştir.

Şu anda McDonald’s, sıradan sandviç zinciri Subway‘den sonra dünyanın ikinci büyük fast food restoran zinciridir. 120ülkede tahmini 36.889 şubesi bulunmaktadır. Her gün yaklaşık 68 milyon tüketiciye hizmet verilmektedir.

Coca Cola markalı içecek ürünleri ise, bağımsız şişeleme ortakları yanı sıra, müşteri ve satış ortaklarına bitmiş markalı içecekleri üreten, paketleyen, pazarlayan ve dağıtan konsolide şişeleme ve dağıtım operasyonlarından oluşan ağı aracılığıyla 200’den fazla ülke ve bölgedeki tüketicilere sunmaktadır.

2021 yılı itibarıyla dünyada 33.833 Starbucks şubesi bulunmaktadır.

Starbucks şubesi bulunan ülkeler listesi – Vikipedi

Böylesi bir trajik durumda dünya ülkelerinin yönetimlerinin ve tüketicilerinin sorması gereken soru şu şekildedir. ABD’nin kendi ülkesi dışındaki insanların cebinde devasa eli yer almaktadır, eli insanların ceplerine uzanmaktadır ve fakat bu ülkelerin ABD’ye yapılan ihracatları yüksek gümrük duvarları ile engellenmekte ve üretimler ABD’ye kaydırmak suretiyle bu ülkelerde işsizlik yaratılmaya çalışılmaktadır.

Zaten bugün Çin denilen devasa üretim gücünü yaratan ABD’nin kendisidir şimdi de yarattığı Çin canavarının gücüne karşı bütün üretimleri ABD’ye çağırarak kendisi üstünlük sağlamaya çalışmaktadır, kaybettiği üstünlüğü yeniden ele geçirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bunun insanlık değerleriyle demokrasi, ifade özgürlüğü ve benzeri ABD tarafından sloganlaştırılan sözde değerlerle hiçbir alakası bulunmamaktadır söz konusu olan hegemonik bir ilişkidir.

Bu dramatik probleme çözümler boykotlarla söz konusu olamayacaktır o halde böl yönet Aristoteles taktiği ile dünyayı ve kıtaları kendisine mahkum eden ABD’ye karşı ülkelerin birlikte ne gibi çözümler bulacağı konusu önümüzdeki dönemin ana sorusu olacaktır.

ABD’nin ithalatlarında ise Türkiye ihmal edilebilecek bir düzeyde yer almaktadır. Fakat burada üsler ve NATO yoluyla Türkiye ülke topraklarının işgali söz konusudur. Ambargo, gümrük vergisi yükselişleri ve aksiyonlar karşısında Türkiye’nin elindeki kozların ne şekilde devreye alınacağı önem kazanmaktadır.

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Levendname Şiirler Söyleşisi; Gök. Yer. Kişi. 10 Aralık 2024

Levent Ağaoğlu
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0
Levendname Şiirler Söyleşisi; Gök. Yer. Kişi. 10 Aralık 2024

“Salı Buluşmaları” 10 Aralık 2024, salı akşamı saat 19.00’da Taşlık’tayız

Konuğumuz Şair, Düşünür
Levend Ağaoğlu size sesleniyor

Levendname Şiirler Seçkisi…

Levend beyin sunumunda bulunmayı çok istiyorduk. Ne var ki son dakika Zorlu AVM de Haluk Bilginer’in oyununa gitmek durumunda kaldık. Üzgünüz… Candan & Ahmet.

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SESLENDİRİLMİŞ LEVENDNAME ŞİİRLER

Nehir Boyları Şiiri

Selimiye ve Üç Nehir (Şiir)

Ben Bilge Tonyukuk Şiiri

Sübaşılar Şiiri

Kıbrıs Zafer Şiiri

Kızıl Elma Şiiri

Gök Yer Su. Kiş ve Kişi Şiirleri

Seslendirilmiş Şiirler

Seslendirilmiş Şiirler

İstanbul Şiiri 1975 ss. 205-207  Dk: 3.36

Küçük Bey’in Şiiri ss.153 dk  2.43

Bilge Şiiri ss.61.65.dk 5.57

Sütliman Akdeniz Şiiri dk 5.19

Tuna Şiiri Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Dk. 8.29

İda’da İnsan Şiiri  Dk 10.40

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 Babası sunum yaparken sevimli Haydut. Tahtaya kalkmış ders çalışıyor

 

Hacı Bektaşı Veli misali Rumelili Yörük Levendi..

.

Şiirin hası sokakta halkın arasında halkın enerjisini hisseder iken yazılandır.

Sevgili Taşlık Kahve dostlarımla birlikte harika bir şiir akşamı idi. Sıcak ilginiz ve değerli katkılarınız için tekrar teşekkür ederim.

 

Yollarda, Yerlerde,
Yıllarda, Yazılarda, Yüreklerde, Yitiklerde, Yırlarda

Sevgili Ali İsmet bey, hep birlikte dilimiz ile keyiflenmek harikaydı.

Çok teşekkür ederim.

Gerçekten çok keyifli bir akşamdı.

Başta Levent Bey olmak üzere emeği geçen herkese teşekkürler.

Salı akşamı dostları bekliyoruz…

L o v e n d i

Bu akşam Taşlık’tayız, sizi de bekleriz.

Levend Ağaoğlu çok değerli sunumunuz için teşekkür ediyoruz.

Sevgili Ağaoğlu güzel Türkçemizin kelimeleri ile harika bir şiirsel resital sundu. Çok teşekkürler Ağaoğlu

LEVENDNAME ŞİİRLER SUNUM 10 ARALIK 2024

Levendname Yeradları

Levendname Kişiler

3 BOYUTLU BİLGELİK (1) kişilik özellikleri tek sayfa (8)

Levendname Şiirler Sunum Sahaf Taşlık 7.8

Levent kelimesini 8 dile vermişiz.

IMG_7027.jpeg

Yabancı Dillerdeki Türkçe

Levent kelimesini verdiğimiz 8 dil. Levent kelimesini 8 dile vermişiz; dile kolay. Yunancadaki Levent’in anlamları çok enteresan. Yunanlının ruhuna girmişiz ama İngiliz 19.yyda ikisi Türk ( Hindistan Babür, Osmanlı) biri Çin; 3 büyük imparatorluğun içini boşaltmış, Yunan’ı, Ermeni’yi propaganda kitapları ile Türk’e azılı düşman yapmış.

Schubert

Schubert 1

Relaxing Classical Music

Türkistan Su Yolları

Neşet Ertaş

ŞİİR İÇİN NE DEDİLER

İoanna Kuçuradi Şiir ve Ses

Prof. Dr. İoanna Kuçuradi 

Teoman Duralı: Türkçe’nin Hastasıyım

Kişler ve Kişiler ss.154

Kıraathaneler, Çayhaneler ss.208

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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)
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Art and Architecture of Constantinople: Byzantine Walking Tours in Istanbul (Istanbul Through Its Stories)
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Laminated Istanbul Map by Borch (English) (English, Spanish, French, Italian and German Edition)
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The Turkish Cookbook
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Wonders of Istanbul: A Photo Collection of the City’s Most Beautiful Places to See – A Stunning Coffee Table Travel Photobook
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Democracy, Love and Peace Minute 16:03 – 35:42 Interview with Levent Ağaoğlu

Levent Ağaoğlu
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0
Democracy, Love and Peace Minute 16:03 – 35:42 Interview with Levent Ağaoğlu

 

Democracy, Love and Peace Minute 16:03 – 35:42

Interview with Levent Ağaoğlu from Istanbul, Turkey

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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia
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Great Tours: Greece and Turkey, from Athens to Istanbul
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Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul: Discover Twice the City in Half the Time | Top Sights | Maps & Walking Tours | Covers Sultanahmet & Sirkeci, Bazaar ... & Western Districts and more (Pocket Guide)
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Turgay Tüfekçioğlu ile Söyleşiler

Levent Ağaoğlu
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0
Turgay Tüfekçioğlu ile Söyleşiler

 

 

 

Istanbul. A Travel Coloring & Activity Book for Kids.: Explore Istanbul Through Coloring, Games, Fun Facts & Travel Activities
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$7.95 (as of 25/10/2026 03:13 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)
Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)
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(as of 25/10/2026 03:13 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
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DK Turkey: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Bodrum, & more (Travel Guide)
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Istanbul For First Timers: A Local's Travel Guide To Turkiye's Hidden Gems and Culture
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Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia (Rick Steves Travel Guide)
Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia (Rick Steves Travel Guide)
(as of 25/10/2026 03:13 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
The Essential Travel Guide To Turkiye: Iconic Sights, Authentic Food and Smart Travel Tips From A Local (Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya and Beyond)
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Istanbul: The Imperial City
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The Turkish Cookbook
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4.7 out of 5 stars(475966)
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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)
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Conversational Turkish Dialogues: Over 100 Turkish Conversations and Short Stories (Conversational Turkish Dual Language Books)
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Lonely Planet Turkiye: Plan the Trip of a Lifetime | Detailed Itineraries & Maps | Insider Tips | Covers Istanbul, Troy, Izmir and more (Travel Guide)
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Kenevir Yolu: Türkistan Tarımın ve Kenevirin Anavatanıdır

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Kenevir Yolu: Türkistan Tarımın ve Kenevirin Anavatanıdır

Türkistan Tarımın ve Kenevirin Anavatanıdır

 

 

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Tarımın Türkistan ve Anadolu Kökenleri

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Tarımın Türkistan ve Anadolu Kökenleri

 Tarım: Türkistan ve Anadolu

Ziraatin esasını teşkil eden kültür nebatlarına temas etmeden konumuzun incelenmesine girişemiyeceğiz. Anadolu’da yapılan kazılardan Alişar (Yozgat) da “chalkolithik” tabakada, takriben M.Ö. dördüncü bin yıl devresine ait hububat bulunmuştu. Alaca-Höyük’ün eski Bronz çağı yangın katında da kavrulmuş olarak, takriben M.Ö. 2100 yılına ait anbarlar dolusu buğday, burçak ve fiy bulundu. Muhtelif kazılarda meydana çıkarılan orak ve kalıç, basit öğütme taşı gibi aygıtlar, bazı taş kabartmalardaki resimler ziraî istihsal hususunda fikir vermeğe kâfidir. Kazılar ilerledikçe Neolithik devre ait hububatın da bulunacağına şüphe edilemez.

Anadolu’da bugün iptidai görülen ziraat usulleri aslında insanlığın yaptığı en önemli hamlelerden biri ve binlerce sene süren gelişmenin neticedir. Ayrıca Küçük Asya’ya gelip yerleşmiş olan Türkler eski medeniyetlerin varisleri oldukları kadar kendileri de Orta Asya’dan oldukça inkişaf etmiş bir medeniyet hamulesi ile gelmişlerdir. Bu sebepten karşımıza çıkacak etnografya malzemesi bizi eski Anadolu veya Orta Asya geleneği ile karşı karşıya bulundurabilir. Tabiî muhitin imkân ve şartlarına intibak, eski tecrübelerden faydalanmayı zaruri kılar. Yurt kuruculara eski kavimlerin iltihakı kültür mübadelelerini kolaylaştırır.

Gıda bitkilerini yetiştirme usulü bidayette, eski dünyanın güney doğusunda tatbik edilmiştir. Tanınmış Rus nebat uzmanlarından N. J. Vavilov’un (Bull, Appl. Bot. Plant Breed XVI. 2. Leningard 1926) araştırmalarına göre kültür bitkilerinin ana yurdu Türkistan, Afganistan ve Küçük Asya yaylalarıdır. Mezopotamya ve Mısır kültür bitkileri için esas menşe olmayıp ancak tâli merkezlerdir. Sabanla ziraatten önce ve beraber bir çapa zeriyatı devri vardır. Kültür cereyanları Batı Asya’dan Avrupa’ya doğrudan doğruya veya Afrika yolu ile bilvasıta olmuştur. Campinien devrinde başak resimlerinin gösterilmiş olması ve Fransa’da Azilien tabakasında “Piette” de hububatın bulunması bunu teyideder. Mühlhofer ve E. Mayer gibi âlimler neolithikden önce Avrupa’da arpanın yetiştirildiğini kabul etmektedirler. Bu suretle hububat, muhtelif yollardan ve muhtelif şekilde Avrupa’ya doğudan gelmiştir. Sayfa 1

Türkler Anadolu’ya veya umumiyetle garbe ulaştıkları zaman, eskidenberi ziraat kültürüne sahip oldukları için esaslı kelimeleri beraber getirmişlerdir. Bunları başka halklardan almak lüzumunu duymamışlardır. Kaynak: Hâmit Z. Koşay; Türkiye Halkının Maddi Kültürüne Dair Araştırmalar (Ziraat) / Türk Etnografya Dergisi Sayı 1 /  Sayfa 1. 10

Arpa ve Buğday

Arpanın muhtelif çeşitleri vardır: Hordeum spontaneum (ayabani arpa). Hordeum distichum (Anau I. de bulunmuştur).

Emmer buğdayı Schiemann’a göre ilk defa Asya’da yetiştirilmiştir. Buğdayın en eski vatanı Asyadır. Anau’da (M. ö. 4500) senelerine ait “Triticum vulgare) cinsi bulunmuştur. Her iki cins buğdayı Küçük Asya’ya “brachykephale ırk,, getirmiş ve buradan yayılmıştır. (Alfons Nehring).

Kaynak: Hâmit Z. Koşay; Türkiye Halkının Maddi Kültürüne Dair Araştırmalar (Ziraat) / Türk Etnografya Dergisi Sayı 1 /  Sayfa 1. 10

Orhon Yazıtları

Göktürkler

Aynı karşılıkları hayvan yetiştirme ve idari ve dinî terimlerde de göstermek mümkündür.

Sekizinci asırdan kalan Orhon yazıtları daha ziyade siyasi bir metin olduğu için fazla ziraate ait kelime beklenemezdi. Buna rağmen Türklerin, Türklüğe adını veren bu zümresinde de, onların yüksek derecede hayvan yetiştiricilikle beraber ziraate de vakıf olduklarına delâlet eden kelimeler vardır. Vilh, Thomsen’in: Inscriptions de I’Orkhon, Helsingfors 1896 ve Hüseyin Namık Orkun’un Eski Türk Yazıtları 1941 adlı eserlerinde:

  • Orhon bägni, buğday, darı, arpa gibi şeylerden yapılan içki. Bak. Kaşgeri I. 434.
  • Orhon äkinlig, ekinlik, ekin.
  • Orhon istigti, darı (?).
  • Orhon tarıg, ekin.
  • Orhon tarlag, tarla.

Kaynak: Hâmit Z. Koşay; Türkiye Halkının Maddi Kültürüne Dair Araştırmalar (Ziraat) / Türk Etnografya Dergisi Sayı 1 /  Sayfa 1. 10

Xi Liao Nehri

Xiliao veya Batı Liao Nehri ( basitleştirilmiş Çince :西辽河; geleneksel Çince :西遼河; pinyin : Xīliáo Hé ) Çin’in kuzeydoğusundaki İç Moğolistan ve Liaoning eyaletinde bir nehirdir . Kaynağı İç Moğolistan’daki Xilamulun Nehri’dir . Liao Nehri’nin kaynaklarından biridir .

Xiliao veya “Batı Liao Nehri”, tarihi olarak Huang Nehri (潢水) olarak da bilinir, Liao Nehri’nin en büyük koludur. Xiliao 449 kilometre (279 mil) uzunluğundadır ve 136.000 kilometrekarelik (53.000 mil kare) bir havzayı boşaltır. Xiliao Nehri, güneybatıdan akan Laoha Nehri (老哈河) ile batıdan akan Xar Moron Nehri’nin (西拉木伦河) birleşmesiyle oluşur. Xiliao’nun tüm akışı İç Moğolistan’ın içinde doğuya doğru akar. Alt akışta Khingan Dağları’nın güneydoğu yamaçlarını boşaltan büyük bir kol olan Xinkai Nehri  [ zh ] (新开河) ile birleşir .

Xiliao, Shuangliao şehrinin 8 kilometre (5 mil) kuzeyinde, gök gürültülü fırtınalar dışında üst kesimlerinde kurudur ve daha sonra güneydoğuya dönerek Liaoning , Jilin ve İç Moğolistan’ın ortak sınırı yakınında Dongliao Nehri’ne katılarak Liao Nehri’ni oluşturur .

Liao medeniyeti

Xiliao Nehri bölgesinde çeşitli Neolitik kültürler tespit edilmiştir. Süpürge darısı ve tilki kuyruğu darısı ana tahıl ürünleriyken, Neolitik arkeolojik alanlarda bulunan ana evcil hayvanlar domuzlar ve köpeklerdi.

Dil ve Tarım

Kanıtlar, erken tarım uygulamalarının, özellikle de darı tarımının Batı Liao Nehri bölgesinde ortaya çıktığını ve Avrasya ötesi dillerin başlangıcına denk geldiğini göstermektedir. Bu bulgu, kültürel kimliklerin şekillenmesinde dil ve tarımın birbiriyle bağlantılı olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Tarım, Trans Avrasya halkları tarafından başlatılmıştır.

Kültürel özellikler ve temel olarak bulduğumuz şey darı tarımının burada, Batı Liao Nehri bölgesinde başladığını doğruladı, bu yüzden darı tarımının kökenlerini, Trans-Avrasya dillerinin kökenlerini bulduğumuz yerde buluyoruz ve oradan darı tarımı altı bin beş yüz yıl önce Kore’ye ve beş bin yıl önce Rusya’nın Uzak Doğusuna yayıldı ve daha sonra pirinç tarımı entegre edildi ve bu Liaodong Shandong etkileşim alanından Kore üzerinden Japonya’ya taşındı ve burada avcı-toplayıcı Almanlardan iki Yayoi halkına çiftçilere ve Türk halkına büyük bir değişime neden oldu muhtemelen aynı zamanda darı çiftçileriydi, burada yaşadılar, ayrılıp buraya daha fazla gittiler ve ancak Tunç Çağı’nda tüm Avrasya’ya yayılmaya başladılar, bu şekilde aslında darının büyük arkeolojik ortak bileşen olduğunu bulduk, bu yüzden Trans-Avrasya konuşanların ortak bir dilsel bileşen olarak Trans-Avrasya atalarını paylaştıkları yerde, hepsi ortak bir tarımsal bileşen olarak darı tarımını paylaşmalıdır, kültürel etnik, kişisel olarak ben bu tür bir araştırma yapmıyorum ama elbette yazının kökenlerini anlamak son derece ilginç olduğunu düşünüyorum.

Ancak doğru bir şekilde belirttiğiniz gibi sembol kelimesini vurguluyorsunuz, dolayısıyla yazı konuşulan dil için bir semboldür, dolayısıyla birçok kişi konuşulan bir dile sahip ancak yazıları yok, dolayısıyla odaklanmaya çalıştığımız şey onaylanmış konuşulan dil ve bunu tarih öncesinde konuşulan dile geri döndürmek, yani tabiri caizse, evet sizin kadar iyi değiliz, Ben şahsen bu tür bir araştırma yapmıyorum ama elbette alfabenin kökenlerini anlamak son derece ilginç ama siz de doğru bir şekilde belirttiğiniz gibi sembol kelimesini vurguluyorsunuz, dolayısıyla alfabe konuşulan dilin bir sembolüdür, bu yüzden birçok insanın konuşulan bir dili var ama alfabeleri yok.

şimdiye kadar tartıştığımız gibi, ortak noktalar, benzerlikler, ortak unsurlar arıyorduk, Avrasya ötesi dillerin farklı konuşmacıları arasında, bugün tartıştığımız gibi, Avrasya ötesi dillerin ortak atalarını bulduk, arkeolojide, yani darı çiftçiliğinde ortak bir bileşen bulduğumuzu gördük ve ardından genetikçilerimiz ayrıca, Avrasya ötesi dillerin farklı konuşmacıları tarafından paylaşılan amor genetik profili adı verilen ortak bir bileşen olduğunu buldular, dolayısıyla şimdiye kadar evet, iki Avrasya ötesi arasında ortak bir bileşen olduğunu söyleyebiliriz

Dakika 36.36 ve devamı Türkçenin 9 000 Yılı 

Darı Tarımı ve Avrasya Dilleri (Türkçe, Korece, Tunguzca, Japonca)

Trans-Avrasya dilleri, darı tarımına dair arkeolojik kanıtlar ve konuşanlar arasında ortak bir genetik profil ile desteklenen ortak bir atayı paylaşmaktadır. Bu bağlantı, zaman içinde bu halklar arasındaki kültürel ve dilsel etkileşimleri vurgulamaktadır. 45:20

Tartışma, 10.000 yıl önceki tarihsel önemini vurgulayarak Bering Boğazı’ndaki dilsel ilişki etrafında dönmektedir. Klasik bir tarihsel dilbilimci olan konuşmacı, daha önceki dönemlere odaklanıyor.

9.000 yıl önce şu anda kuzeydoğu Çin’de yaşayan ve darıyla uğraşan çiftçiler; Japonca, Türkçe ve diğer modern dillerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olan bir Trans-Avrasya ön dili konuşmuş olabilir. Türkçenin 9.000 yılı. Prof Martine Robeerts.

LİAO Nehrinin Türkçe için önemi. 9.000 yıl önce Çin yok, o topraklarda Altaylardan gelenlerin Türkçe lisanı ile Darı yetiştiren çiftçilerin arasında sonradan Korece, Tunguzca ve bugünkü Japoncanın temelleri atılıyor.

Max Plant Enstitüsünün araştırma sonucu varılan sonuç bu.

Çiftçiler, Hayvancılık ve Türkçe’nin Yayılışı

İlk olarak Türkçe konuşanların ataları muhtemelen çiftçilerdi, darı çiftçileriydi ama MÖ 1000 civarında, 3000 yıl önce batı ucundan doğu ucuna kadar hayvancılık  önemliydi.

Muhtemelen Türkçe konuşanlar hayvancılığı benimsediler, tarımsal bilgilerine hayvancılığı eklediler, hayvancılık ve at binme nedeniyle son derece hareketliydiler, Tunç Çağı’ndan itibaren Avrasya’nın her yerine yayıldılar.

Bu da bugün Türk dillerinin batıda Türkiye’den kuzeydoğuda Yakut’a kadar yayıldığı bu tablonun oluşmasına neden oldu.

Darı Tarımının Kökenleri

  • Temelde bulduğumuz şey darı tarımınınburada, Westlake Nehri bölgesinde başladığını doğruladı, bu yüzden darı tarımının kökenlerini, Trans-Avrasya dillerinin kökenlerini bulduğumuz yerde bulduk ve oradan darı tarımı altı bin beş yüz yıl önce Kore’ye ve beş bin yıl önce Rusya’nın Uzak Doğusuna yayıldı.
  • Daha sonra pirinç tarımı entegre edildi ve bu Liaodong-Şandong etkileşimalanından Kore üzerinden Japonya’ya taşındı ve burada avcı-toplayıcı Almanlardan iki Yayoi halkına çiftçilere ve Türk halkına büyük bir değişime neden oldu muhtemelen darı çiftçileriydi, burada yaşadılar, ayrılıp buraya daha fazla gittiler ve sonra ancak bronz çağında tüm Avrasya’ya yayılmaya başladılar, bu şekilde aslında darının  büyük arkeolojik ortak bileşen olduğunu bulduk.
  • Öyleyse, Trans-Avrasyalı konuşanlar ortak bir dilsel bileşen olarak Trans-Avrasyalı ataları paylaşıyorsa, hepsi ortak bir tarımsal bileşen olarak darı tarımını,kültürel ve etnik kökenini paylaşıyor olmalı.

Raphael Pumpelly

Sığır yetiştiricileri veya toprak işleyicileri ilkel zamanlarda ayrı yaşıyorlarsa, yiyecek sağlayan hayvanlar evcilleştirilmediği sürece göçebe bir yaşamı benimseme fırsatı olmadığı kesindir. Sonuç olarak, sığırların ilk evcilleştirilmesi, benim görüşüme göre, eski Anau-li gibi yerleşik bir tarım halkı tarafından yapılmış olmalıdır.

Dolayısıyla, ya Mucke’nin teorisi gereklilikleri karşılamıyor ve yerleşik bir tarım halkı evcilleştirmeyi gerçekleştirebildi; ya da vahadan vahaya, platodan platoya dolaşan göçebeler bunu başarabildiyse, o zaman bu halkın Anau‘nun yerel kültür alanından geldiği kesindir. Anau’nun etkileşim alanının daha sonra genişlediği ve göçebe kabileler tarafından diğer alanlarla -belki de Hintlilerle- ilişkiye sokulduğu, metallerin ithal edilmesinin yanı sıra, Avrupa bronz döneminin çoban köpeği Canis jamiliaris matris optima’nın ve Anau‘nun kültürünün II. döneminin MÖ 6000 ile 510 yılları arasındaki aeneolitik döneminde gelen deve ve keçi hayvanlarının aniden ortaya çıkmasıyla gösterilmiştir.

Bu zamana kadar, Türkistan-İran kültür alanı yabancı etkilerden uzak kalmış ve evcil hayvanlar -ister yerleşik Anau-li isterse göçebe komşular tarafından evcilleştirilmiş olsun- yerli ürünlerdi. Bu temel noktadır. Bu nedenle, evcilleştirilmiş hayvanların kökeni teorisi söz konusu olduğunda, evcilleştirmenin yerleşik Anau-li tarafından mı yoksa göçebe komşuları tarafından mı yapıldığı pek önemli değildir.

Bizim için şu an en önemli nokta, daha önce de belirttiğimiz gibi, Anau’daki iklimsel ve fizyografik koşulların, yerleşimin kurulmasından önceki kurak dönemde vahalarda sığınan vahşi hayvanların evcilleştirilmesini kolaylaştırmış olmasıdır. I. kültürün sonunda kuraklığa doğru çok olası bir başka değişim meydana gelmiş ve muhtemelen göçebe sığır yetiştiricilerinin batıya doğru göç etmesine neden olmuş, buna belki de Kafkasya’dan geçerek Anau’nun evcil hayvanlarını Avrupa’ya getiren bazı toprak yetiştiricileri eşlik etmiştir.

Prof. Raphael Pumpelly’nin Anau Harabelerinde Tarım Hakkında Buluşları

Prof. Raphael Pumpelly, 1904 yılında Türkmenistan’ın Aşkabat yakınlarındaki Anau harabelerinde yaptığı kazılar sonucunda, bu bölgede yaşayan insanların çok eski dönemlerden beri tarımla uğraştıklarına dair önemli bulgular elde etmiştir.

Pumpelly’nin Anau’da bulduğu buğday taneleri ve koyun kemikleri gibi kalıntılar, bölgede tarım ve hayvancılığın birlikte yapıldığının en önemli kanıtları arasındadır. Bu buluntular, günümüzde Philadelphia Doğa Tarihi Müzesi ve Türkmenistan’ın Ak Buğday Müzesi’nde sergilenmektedir.

Pumpelly’nin Anau hakkındaki diğer önemli bulguları şöyle özetleyebiliriz:

Çok Katmanlı Medeniyet: Anau’da farklı zamanlarda yaşamış beş farklı medeniyet tabakası tespit edilmiştir. Bu, bölgenin uzun süre boyunca yerleşim görmüş olduğunu gösterir.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tarımın Önceliği: Anau’da tarımın, hayvancılıktan önce başladığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu durum, bölgenin coğrafi koşullarına ve insanların beslenme ihtiyaçlarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmış olabilir.

Sulama Sistemleri: Anau’da bulunan yerleşim yerlerinin dağ çaylarının düzlüğe çıktığı yerlerdeki yamaçlarda olması, o dönemdeki insanların sulama sistemleri hakkında da önemli bilgiler vermektedir.

Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim: Anau I döneminde büyükbaş hayvancılık, Anau II döneminde ise koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliği daha yaygın olmuştur.

Pumpelly’nin çalışmaları sayesinde Anau harabeleri, Orta Asya’daki en önemli arkeolojik sitelerden biri haline gelmiştir. Bulunan bulgular, bölgenin tarım ve hayvancılık tarihine ışık tutmasının yanı sıra, insanlık tarihinin ilk yerleşik yaşam biçimleri hakkında da önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Muratgeldi Söyegov* Amerikan bilim adamı R. Pumpelly’nin (1837–1923) yirminci yüzyılın başlarında Aşkabat yakınlarında, Anau’da geçirdiği arkeolojik kazıların sonuçları Türkmenistan topraklarının insanlar tarafından bitkilerin ilk ekimi yapmaya başladığı ve dünya’nın koyun ve keçinin ilk evcilleştirildiği yer olduğunu gösterdi. Anau’da önce tarım başlamış olup, hayvanların evcilleştirilmesi daha sonra ortaya çıkmıştır. Amerikan jeoloğu Prof. Raphael Pumpelly (08.09.1837–08.10.1923), yakından tanışmak amacıyla Washington Karegi Üniversitesi’nin malî yardımını kullanarak Türkmenistan’a ilk defa 1903 yılında geldi. 1904 yılında Aşkabat yakınlarında yerleşen Anau’da (Anev) ve Marı’da (Merv) yapmış olduğu kazılarının sonuçlarından oluşan ve 1908’de Washington’da yayımlanan ‘Exploration in Türkestan Expedition of 1904’ (Türkistan’daki Araştırmalar 1904 Yılı Heyeti) adlı kitabı ve bazı diğer eserleriyle bilim dünyasında çok zeki bir arkeolog ve tarihçi olarak da kendisini tanıtmayı başardı. Prof. Pumpelly’nin Anau’da elde ettiği buğday taneleri ve koyun kemikleri gibi buluntular, kıymetli numuneler halinde günümüze kadar Philadelphiya’daki Tabiat Müzesi’nde korunmaktadırlar. Philadelphiya müzesindeki numuneler, Türkmenistan’ın Ahal vilayetinde son yıllarda kurulan Ak Buğday Müzesi’nde tekrar sergilenmektedirler.

KENEVİR TARIM

Türkçe’nin 9.000 yıldır var olduğu bulundu!

Kenevir, Orta Asya, Türkistan’da ortaya çıkan bir üründür.

Tarımın ve Kenevirin Anavatanı Türkistan

Hazar-Türk Tezi

Bilgi Kaynakları

  • Rafaella Pompelli Exploration in Turkestan-Anau- ABD
  • Martine Robeerts- Belçika
  • Hamit Zübeyr Koşar- Türkiye
  • Robert Clarke- ABD

 

 

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$11.86 (as of 25/10/2026 03:13 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
Istanbul: The Imperial City
Istanbul: The Imperial City
3.9 out of 5 stars(39581)
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Lonely Planet Turkiye: Plan the Trip of a Lifetime | Detailed Itineraries & Maps | Insider Tips | Covers Istanbul, Troy, Izmir and more (Travel Guide)
Lonely Planet Turkiye: Plan the Trip of a Lifetime | Detailed Itineraries & Maps | Insider Tips | Covers Istanbul, Troy, Izmir and more (Travel Guide)
4.4 out of 5 stars(44590)
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Great Escapes Mediterranean. The Hotel Book
Great Escapes Mediterranean. The Hotel Book
4.5 out of 5 stars(455106)
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The Innocence of Objects
The Innocence of Objects
4.6 out of 5 stars(46570)
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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)
DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)
4.4 out of 5 stars(44544)
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Turkey Map 758 (Maps/Country (Michelin))
Turkey Map 758 (Maps/Country (Michelin))
4.6 out of 5 stars(46581)
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The Amazing Mrs. Pollifax (Mrs. Pollifax Series Book 2)
The Amazing Mrs. Pollifax (Mrs. Pollifax Series Book 2)
4.6 out of 5 stars(4653843)
$5.99 (as of 25/10/2026 03:13 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)
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