Hicran

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVoyXGdz4Lo

Portekizcede Hicran.. dakika 2.23

Dünyada yer yuvarlağında hicran, ayrılık duygusunu en derinden yaşayan iki millet vardır. Türkler ve Portekizliler. Akdeniz’in doğusundaki Türkler ve batısındaki Portekizliler.

Türkler bu duyguyu kara parçalarında, büyük Asya’nın en doğusundan en batı ucuna Avrupa’nın içlerine kadar gerçekleştirdikleri göçlerde ki bu 8000 km’yi aşan bir mesafedir, bu hicran duygusunu, ayrılık duygusunu yaşarlarken, halen de yaşamaya devam etmektedirler, Portekizler de aynı duyguyu dünya denizlerinde gerçekleştirdikleri keşif seyahatlerinde yaşamışlardır.

O açıdan her iki milletin özellikle halk edebiyatını şarkılarını, türkülerini karşılaştırmalı olarak derinden incelemek vazife olsa gerektir.

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Avrupa’da Müslüman olmayan Türklerin yaşadığı ülkeler. Avrupa’da Müslüman olmayan Türklerin yaşadığı ülkeler. Avrupa’da Müslüman olmayan Türklerin yaşadığı ülkeler.

Avrupa’da Müslüman olmayan Türklerin yaşadığı ülkeler

1. Almanya (Macar-Kıpçak)
2. Avusturya (Macar-Kıpçak)
3. Belarus (Gagavuz)
4. Bosna-Hersek (Macar-Kıpçak)
5. Bulgaristan (Gagavuz)
6. Çek Cumhuriyeti (Macar-Kıpçak)
7. Estonya (Gagavuz)
8. Hırvatistan (Macar-Kıpçak)
9. Kuzey Makedonya (Macar-Kıpçak)
10. Letonya (Gagavuz)
11. Litvanya (Gagavuz, Karay)
12. Macaristan (Kıpçak)
13. Moldova (Gagavuz)
14. Polonya (Karay)
15. Romanya (Gagavuz, Macar-Kıpçak, Sekel)
16. Rusya (Çuvaş, Kıreşin, Hakas, Altay, Dolgan, Tofa, Yakut)
17. Sırbistan (Macar-Kıpçak)
18. Slovakya (Macar-Kıpçak)
19. Slovenya (Macar-Kıpçak)
20. Ukrayna (Urum, Rumey, Karaim, Karay, Macar-Kıpçak)
21. Yunanistan (Karamanlı)

önemli ve stratejik bir konudur.

Hristiyan Türkler konusunu gündeme getirip Avrupa Birliği’ne strateji uygulamalı.

KIZILELMA budur.

Musevi Türkler de var Avrupa’da. Litvanya, Polonya, Ukrayna.

DOĞU AVRUPA’dayız. Fazlasıyla..

Rusya içindeki müslümanları dışlamıyor, strateji uyguluyor. Biz de Hristiyan/Musevi Türkler üzerinden strateji uygulamalıyız.

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(46530)

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(435463)

$5.99 (as of 18/08/2026 02:12 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

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(43538)

$7.31 (as of 18/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

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Türk Dilinin Lehçeleri:

1. Çuvaşça
2. Yakutça

TÜRK DİLİNİN ŞİVELERİ (Kavim Adları İle)

Sibirya ve Altay alanı:

1. Karagas
2. Soyan
3. İrtiş ve Tobol
4. Altay 3
5. Telengit
6. Teleüt
7. Tuba
8. Kumandı
9. Lebed
10. Sagay
11. Beltir
12. Kaç
13. Koybal
14. Kızıl
15. Şor
16. Kamasin
17. Çalım ve Çat

Doğu Türkistan alanı

18. Uygur
19. Sarı Uygur
20. Tarançi

Batı Türkistan alanı

21. Karakalpak
22. Özbek
23. Kırgız
24. Kazak
25. Türkmen

Kafkasya ve İran alanı

26. Nogay
27. Kundur
28. Karaçay
29. Balkar (Malkar)
30. Kumuk
31. Azerbaycan
32. Kaşkay
33. Afşar
34. Kacar
35. Şahseven
36. Karadağlı
37. Karapapak
38. Hamse
39. Halaç
40. Kengerlu
41. Horasani
42. Karayi
43. Karaçorlu

Kuzey alanı (Urallardan Balkanlara kadar)

44. Kazan, Tatar
45. Atrahan
46. Başkırt
47. Kırım
48. Karayim
49. Gagavuz
50. Türkiye, Oğuz

TÜRKÇENİN LEHÇELERİ VE YAYILDIKLARI COĞRAFYA

Burada, (biri dışında) tüm Türk topluluklarının kendi dillerini yani Türkçenin lehçelerini ve şivelerini anadil olarak konuştukları kabulu kesinlikle yanlış olmayacaktır. İkinci dil olarak ise, geçmişte veya günümüzde de bağımlı bulundukları devletlerin resmi dilini konuşmaktadırlar. Bunlar içinden en önemlileri Rusça, Çince, Farsça, Bulgarca ve Ukraynaca’dır. Kuşkusuz bu dillere ayrıca Arapça, Yunanca ile 1960’dan sonra Türklerin işçi olarak yabancı ülkere göçü sonucu öğrendikleri diller olan Almanca, Hollandaca Fransızca ve İngilizce de eklenebilir.

ANADOLU TÜRKÇESİ: Anadolu Türkçesi, Türk dilleri içinde Oğuz dilleri grubunda yer alır. Toplam nüfusları 80 milyonu aşan ve Anadolu, Trakya, Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta (Kıbrıs’taki Türk nüfusu yaklaşık 350 bindir) yaşayan Anadolu Türkleri tarafından konuşulan bu dil, Türk lehçeleri arasında en büyük grubu oluşturur. Ayrıca bu lehçe, şu Türk azınlıklarının da ana dilini oluşturmaktadır:

Türk Azınlıklar – Nüfus

Bulgaristan Türk azınlığı 750.000
Batı Trakya Türkleri (Yunanistan) 140.000
Makedonya Türk azınlığı 66.000
Irak Türkmenleri 300.000
Başta Almanya olmak üzere;
Almanya (1.920.000)
Hollanda (250.000)
Fransa (240.000)
Belçika (85.000)
İngiltere (65.000) ve
Danimarka’ya (37.000)
1960’lı yılların başından itibaren göç etmiş Türkler 2.600.000

AZERBAYCAN TÜRKÇESİ: Anadolu Türkçesine yakınlığı ile bilinen Azerbaycan Türkçesi de Oğuz dil grubundadır. “Azerbaycan Türkleri”nin toplam nüfusu yaklaşık 33 milyon kadardır ve Azerbaycanlıların ancak 10 milyon kadarı Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti’nde yaşarken yaklaşık 23 milyon Azerbaycanlı, İran İslam Cumhuriyeti’nin kuzeyinde (Güney Azerbaycan), 330 bini Gürcistan’da ve 110 bini Ermenistan’da yaşamaktadır.

ÖZBEK TÜRKÇESİ: Dilleri Karluk grubunda yer alan “Özbek Türkleri”nin büyük çoğunluğu Özbekistan Cumhuriyeti’nde (32 milyon) yaşamaktadır. Başta Tacikistan (2 milyon) olmak üzere Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Türkmenistan ve Afganistan’da yaklaşık 6 milyon Özbek bulunmaktadır.

KAZAK TÜRKÇESİ: Kazakça, Türk dillerinin Kıpçak grubunda yer alır.”Kazak Türkleri”nin büyük bölümü Kazakistan’da yaşarken, komşu cumhuriyetlerde de (özellikle Türkmenisten, Moğolistan) Kazak azınlıklara rastlanır ve toplam nüfusları 18 milyonu aşar.

KIRGIZ TÜRKÇESİ: Kırgız dili, Kırgız-Kıpçak grubunda yer alır ve bu dili konuşan Kıgızların sayısı, diğer komşu cumhuriyetlerde yaşayanlarla birlikte 8 milyonu bulur.

TÜRKMENCE: Türkmenistan Cumhuriyeti’nde bugün 6 milyon, diğer bölgelerde de (İran, Irak, Afganistan) yine yaklaşık 5 milyon Türkmen yaşamaktadır. Dilleri Oğuz grubunda yer alır ve Anadolu Türkçesine çok yakın nitelikler taşır.

TATARCA: “Tatar Türkleri”nin 4 milyonu Rusya Devleti’nin içinde (Moskova’nın yaklaşık 750 km güneydoğusunda) Tataristan Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde (Kazan Tatarları) yaşarken, 2 milyon Tatar yine Rusya içindeki Başkurdistan Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde, 750 bini Kazakistan’da ve 600 bini ise Kırım Yarımadası’nda (Kırım Tatarları) yerleşmiştir. Dilleri Kıpçak grubundandır.

BAŞKURT TÜRKÇESİ: Günümüzde Başkurtistan Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde (Moskava’nın yaklaşık 1.250 km Güneydoğusu’nda 4,2 milyon, diğer bölgelerde ise 2 milyon Başkurt Türkü yaşamaktadır. Dilleri Kıpçak grubunda yer alır.

KARAKALPAK TÜRKÇESİ: Dilleri Kıpçak grubunda yer alan Karakalpak Türkleri,Özbekistan’da (Aral Gölü’nün güneyinde) Karakalpak Özerk Cumhuriyeti’inde yaşarlar; nüfusları 1 milyon civarındadır.

ÇUVAŞ TÜRKÇESİ: Çuvaşistan Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde (Moskova’nın yaklaşık 600 km güneydoğusunda, Tataristan Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nin kuzeybatısında) 2,5 milyon Çuvaş Türkü yaşamaktadır.

SORS TÜRKÇESİ: Kültür ve dil yönüyle Hakas ve “Altay Türkleri”ne çok yakın olan Sors Türkleri Rusya’nın Kemerowo bölgesinde (Alma-Ata’nın yaklaşık 1.750 km kuzeydoğusunda) yaşarlar; sayıları 17.000 dolayındadır.

ALTAY TÜRKÇESİ: Altay (Oyrat) dili Kırgız-Kıpçak grubunda yer alır. Bu dili konuşan 60 bin Altay Türkü Altay Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde (Rusya Cumhuriyeti’nde Kemerowo’nın güneyinde, Moğolistan sınırında) yaşarken 70 bini ise diğer bölgelere yerleşmiştir.

UYGUR TÜRKÇESİ: Türklerin ilk yazılı eserlerinde kullanılan Uygurca,Karluk dil grubunda yer alır. Bu lehçeyi konuşan yaklaşık 16 milyon Uygur Türkü (bazı kaynaklara göre 20-23 milyon) günümüzde Batı Çin’de
(Doğu Türkistan’da), çok azı ise Rusya’da yaşamaktadır.

GAGAVUZ (GÖKOĞUZ) TÜRKÇESİ: Dilleri Oğuz dil grubunda yer alan dolayısıyla Anadolu Türkçesine çok yakın olan Gagavuz Türkleri Moldavya’nın güneyinde 1991 yılında kurulan Gagavuz Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde yaşamaktadırlar; nüfusları yaklaşık 160 bindir. Ayrıca Balkanlar’da ve Rusya’nın çeşitli bölgelerinde dağılmış küçük topluluklara da rastlanır. Stavropol Türkçesi: Türkmence ve Nogay diline çok yakın olan bu dil, bölgeye göç etmiş Türkmenler tarafından konuşulmaktadır.

KUMUK TÜRKÇESİ: Kumuk Türkçesi Kıpçak grubundan olmakla birlikte Anadolu, Azeri ve Karaçay dillerine yakınlık da gösterir. Toplam nüfusları 300 bin kadar olan “Kumuk Türkleri”nin yaklaşık 250 bini Dağıstan bölgesinde (Kuzeydoğu Kafkasya’da) yaşamaktadır.

KARAÇAY TÜRKÇESİ: Karaçay dili Kıpçak grubundan olup, Karaçay-Çerkes Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde (Gürcistan’ın 200 km kuzeyinde) yaşamakta olan yaklaşık 160 bin Karaçaylı tarafından konuşulmaktadır. Balkar (Malkar) Türkçesi: Dilleri hemen hemen Karaçay Türkçesi ile aynı olan Balkar Türkleri Gürcistan’nın kuzeyinde, bu ülkeye komşu olan Balkar Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde yaşamaktadır; sayıları 85 bin civarındadır.

KARAİM TÜRKÇESİ: Kıpçak dil grubuna ait Karaim dili bugün çok az Karaim Türkü tarafından konuşulmaktadır. Bunlar, Ukrayna’nın batısı, Litvanya ve Polanya’da yaşamaktadır.

HAKAS TÜRKÇESİ: Hakas Türkçesi Kırgız dil grubuna çok yakın olup,Hakas Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde yaşayan yaklaşık 80 bin Hakas Türkü tarafından konuşulmaktadır.

NOGAY TÜRKÇESİ: Nogay Türkleri, Stavropol ve Dağıstan Bölgesi,Çeçen-İnguş Cumhuriyeti ve de Karaçay-Çerkes bölgesinde dağınık olarak yaşamaktadırlar. Dilleri Kıpçak grubunda yer alan “Nogaylar”ın sayısı 75 bin dolayındadır.

TUVA TÜRKÇESİ: Yaklaşık sayıları 220 bin tahmin edilen “Tuva Türkleri”nin 200 bini Tannu-Tuva Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde (Moğolistan’nın kuzey sınırına komşu bölgede) yaşamaktadır.

YAKUT (SAKA) TÜRKÇESİ: Moğolcanın etkisi ile hayli değişikliğe uğrayan Yakut dili, tahmini sayıları 400 bin olan ve büyük çoğunluğu Yakut Özerk Cumhuriyeti’nde (Çin sınırına 1.250 km uzaklıktaki Doğu Sibirya’da) yaşayan Yakut Türkü tarafından konuşulmaktadır.

KASKAY TÜRKÇESİ: Anadolu ve Azeri Türkçesine çok yakın bir Türkçe ile konuşan Kaskay Türkleri, Hasme Türkleri ile birlikte Iran’ın güneyinde yaşarlar; sayıları 700 bin dolayındadır.

AHISKA (MESKETİ, MEŞET) TÜRKÇESİ: Dilleri Oğuz grubunda yer alan Ahıska Türkleri günümüzde dağınık olarak Özbekistan, Kırgızistan, Azerbaycan ve Türkiye’de yaşamaktadırlar. Sayıları 200 bin civarındadır.

SONUÇ: VI. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısından sonra kuzeye, güneye ve önemli ölçüde de batı yönüne göçe başlayan Türk kavimleri, XV. Yüzyılın ortalarında bugünkü Bulgaristan sınırına ulaştılar. 1960’lı yılların başında Orta Avrupa’ya yönelen işçi göçünü, bu göçün devamı olarak nitelendiren bazı yazarlar da görüyoruz. Bu göçler sırasında sahip olunan özgün kültür, etkilenişim içinde bulunan diğer kültürlerle zenginleşmiş, ancak anadil olarak konuşulan Türkçe korunmuş ve böylelikle dil çok geniş kıta parçalarına yayılmıştır.
Birleşmiş Milletler’in 1990 yılına ait istatistiklerine göre Türkçe, 165 milyon dolayında kişi tarafından anadil olarak konuşulmaktaydı. Böylelikle dilimiz Çince, Hintçe, İngilizce ve ispanyolcanın arkasından en büyük (yaygın) dil karakterine sahiptir. Nüfus artışının ortalama % 1,5 olduğu varsayılırsa bu sayının artık 180 milyona yaklaşması gerekir. Çincenin, Çin ve Tayvan dışında Güneydoğu Asya ülkelerindeki Çin azınlık tarafından konuşulduğu, Hintçenin yalnızca Hint Yarımadası’nda yayıldığı düşünülürse, Türkçe, ispanyolca ve ingilizce gibi dünyada geniş coğrafyaya yayılmış diller arasında yer alır. Bunlardan ingilizce, Büyük Britanya dışında, Kuzey Amerika kıtasında , Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nde (ingiliz kökenliler tarafından) ve Avustralya’da anadil olarak konuşulmaktadır.

İspanyolca, İspanya dışında Orta (ABD’nin güneyi dahil) ve Güney Amerika’da(Brezilya dışında) yayılmıştır. Türkçenin ise Rusya Federasyonu’nun Pasifik kıyılarından başlayıp, Orta Asya, Kafkasya, Anadolu ve Trakya’yı aşıp Orta ve Batı Avrupa’daki Türklerle, ayrıca az sayıda da olsa Kuzey Amerika’ya göç etmiş Türkler tarafından anadil olarak konuşulmakta olduğunu, böylelikle Afrika kıtası ve Güney Asya dışında (değişik yoğunluklarda) tüm Kuzey Yarımküre’ye yayıldığını görüyoruz.

Kaynaklar:

[1] World Fact Book 94, CIA (http).
[2] Informationen zur politischen Bildung; Die Sowjetunion 1953-1991, Nr. 236, 3. Quartal 1992.
[3] Council of Europe (Hrsg), Sopeni,Netherland-1993; Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden, Sopeni, Report-Turkey, Oct-1993.
[4] Türkler, “s.c.t. Listesi
[5] Türk Dili, Prof. Dr. Muharrem Ergin

Kaynak: Geçmişten Günümüze Türk Lehçeleri ve Yaşayan Örnekleri 

Istanbul & Northwest Turkey Travel Reference Map WP

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GÖZDELERİM

• 25 Nehir Boyları
• 28 Mütefekkiran
• 30 Gözler Gökler
• 35 Hep Öğrencileriz
• 43 Yazı Bilgeliktir
• 44 İlk Türkçe
• 47 Sıfır
• 53 İlk Kuvva
• 55 Talaylar Ola
• 61 Bilge ile Ata’nın Destanı
• 75 Bilge ile Ata
• 93 Bizim Akdeniz
• 101 Göçebe
• 110 Yörüktük..Yörüdük
• 125 Kökler
• 127 Beş nehir, Beş deniz
• 135 Göçebeler
• 145 Sübaşılar
• 148 Dört Beş
• 149 Beyin
• 151 Neşet Ertaş
• 154 Kişler Kişiler
• 161 Vitrin Dolabı
• 165 Kendinden
• 170 Göz gönül
• 187 Z
• 224 Kızıl Elma

KENDİM

• 101 Göçebe
• 102 Çarşı
• 104 Beşiktaş Kıyıları
• 124 Çin Seddinden Rumeline
• 153 Küçük Bey’in
• 189 Le Vent Nous
• 205 İstanbul 1975
• 208 Kıraathaneler Çayhaneler
• 217 Kumkapı Çeşmesi
• 234 Bir Çift Karanfil

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dünyanın en gezgin ve zengin dili

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A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey

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God's Battalions: A Study of the Crusades, Christian Warfare, and the Fight for the Holy Land

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The Essential Travel Guide to Turkiye: Iconic Sights, Authentic Food and Smart Travel Tips From A Local (Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya and Beyond)

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Türkiye (Turkey) Map (National Geographic Adventure Map, 3018)

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Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire

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Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)

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The Idiot: A Novel

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DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

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Black Sea: Dispatches and Recipes – Through Darkness and Light

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Istanbul: Memories and the City (Vintage International)

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