Orhun Abideleri ve Kutadgu Bilig Üzerinden Türk Tefekkürünün Tahlili Orhun Abideleri ve Kutadgu Bilig Üzerinden Türk Tefekkürünün Tahlili Orhun Abideleri ve Kutadgu Bilig Üzerinden Türk Tefekkürünün Tahlili Orhun Abideleri ve Kutadgu Bilig Üzerinden Türk Tefekkürünün Tahlili
Bu çalışma Türk tefekküründe bilgelikle mutluluk arasındaki ilişkiyi İslam öncesi döneme ait Orhun Abideleri ve Türk İslam klasiği olan Kutadgu Bilig adlı eser üzerinden ele almaktadır. İslam öncesi ve sonrası dönemde Türk tefekküründe korunan varlık, bilgi ve insan kavrayışı, bu iki eser üzerinden kut kavramı çerçevesinde ortaya koyulmaktadır. Kut kelimesi bugün halkın kullandığı gündelik dilde talih, baht gibi anlamlarla bağlamından ayrı bir biçimde kullanılıyor olsa da Türk tefekküründe kilit bir kavrama karşılık gelmektedir. Kut, Tanrı ile insan arasındaki bağa ilişkin bir kavramdır.
Nihayet, Orhun Abideleri’nde ve Kutadgu Bilig’de kut kazanma ya da kutlu olma, Tanrı’nın, töreye göre yaşama gayreti içinde olan insanı koruma altına alması ve desteklemesi anlamına gelmektedir. Töre kelimesi Eski Türkçede Tanrı’nın yaratılış nizamı demektir. Orhun Abideleri ve Kutadgu Bilig’de töre aslî anlamı ile geçmektedir. Her iki eserde de töre kelimesi ile hayata dair Tanrı’nın belirlemiş olduğu ölçüler kastedilmektedir.
Son olarak, Türk tefekküründe töreye göre bir yaşam ise bilgelikle mümkündür. Çünkü ancak bilge bir insan törenin mahiyetini kavrar ve hayatını o ölçülere göre düzenler. Cahil insan töreye göre değil, menfaati gereği töreye uygun yaşamaya çalışır.
Ayrıca, Bilge insanda hüküm süren duygu mutluluktur. Cahil insanda hüküm süren duygu ise korkudur. Türk tefekküründe hayatını töreye göre bilgece yaşama gayreti içinde olan insan, Tanrı’nın desteğini alan, güvende hisseden ve mutluluğu daim olan kişidir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Orhun Abideleri, Kutadgu Bilig, Tanrı, Töre, Kut.
Kaynak: Türk İslâm Medeniyeti Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi Journal of the Academic Studies of Turkish-Islamic Civilization timad Cilt / Volume: 18 – Sayı / Issue: 35 – Yıl / Year: 2023 Orhun Abideleri ve Kutadgu Bilig Üzerinden Türk Tefekkürünün Tahlili Analysis of Turkish Contemplation through Orhun Monuments and Kutadgu Bilig. Mehmet Yazıcı Arş. Gör., Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Research Assistant, Ondokuz Mayıs University Education Sciences [email protected]. Zekeriyya Uludağ Prof. Dr., Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi (Em.), Eğitim Bilimleri Prof. Dr., Ondokuz Mayıs University [email protected]
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