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Zaman Yolcusu-Türklerin İzinde

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Levent Ağaoğlu

31/01/2024

NTV

1 / 16

Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Moğolistan’daki Ötüken
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Orhun Yazıtları
Zaman Yolcusu – Kadim Türklerin mirası ; Yenisey Anıtları
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin geleneksel müziği; Gırtlak Şarkıları
Zaman Yolcusu – Doğu Türkistan’daki yakın akrabalarımız; Uygurlar
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/İpek Yolu’nun kadim Türk şehirleri
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Kadim Türklerin Göbeklitepesi; Çolpan Ata
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Timur Bey ve Onun büyülü şehri; Semerkant
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/İslam Rönesansına ev sahipliği yapan Türk şehirleri; Buhara ve Hiva
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Kaşgar ve Balasagun
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/İskitlerin İzinde… “Altın Elbiseli Adam”ın esrarengiz öyküsü
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Oğuzların yurdunda İslamiyet’e geçiş süreci ve Hoca Ahmed Yesevi
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Oğuzlardan Kıpçaklara… Oğuz yurdundan Başkurdistan’a
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Başkurtistan
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Ruslara 500 yıl hükmetmiş bir halk; Kazan Tatarları
Zaman Yolcusu – Türklerin İzinde/Altın Orda’nın

By Bilge Tonyukuk Enstitüsü zaman: Temmuz 21, 2019

Lonely Planet Pocket Istanbul: Discover Twice the City in Half the Time | Top Sights | Maps & Walking Tours | Covers Sultanahmet & Sirkeci, Bazaar ... & Western Districts and more (Pocket Guide)

(44541)

$12.48 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul Travel Guide 2026: A First-Timer’s Guide to the Streets, Food, History and Hidden Neighbourhoods of the City Where Europe Meets Asia

$7.99 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul & Northwest Turkey Travel Reference Map WP

(4554)

$10.95 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul Travel Guide 2026: The Complete Guide to Planning, Exploring, and Experiencing Istanbul, Turkey – Including Where to Stay, Top Attractions, Local ... Asia: City-by-City Travel Guides Book 3)

$9.99 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Essential Travel Guide to Turkiye: Iconic Sights, Authentic Food and Smart Travel Tips From A Local (Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya and Beyond)

(49518)

$17.99 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

DK Istanbul: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Sultanahmet, Beyoglu, & more (Travel Guide)

(5053)

$18.40 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Notes on a Foreign Country: An American Abroad in a Post-American World

(435492)

$9.87 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Easy Turkish Phrase Book for Travel: 1500+ Essential Phrases for Vacation, Restaurants, Hotels & Everyday Conversations in Turkey: The Ultimate Guide ... Local Slang & Essential Survival Phrases

(5051)

$10.99 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Mini Rough Guide to Istanbul and the Aegean Coast: Travel Guide with eBook

(46530)

$6.47 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Wonders of Istanbul: A Photo Collection of the City’s Most Beautiful Places to See – A Stunning Coffee Table Travel Photobook

(5052)

$23.99 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Rick Steves Istanbul: With Ephesus & Cappadocia

(485156)

$8.97 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

(43538)

$7.31 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Notes on a Foreign Country: An American Abroad in a Post-American World

(435492)

$9.87 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Fodor's Essential Turkey (Full-color Travel Guide)

(40512)

$16.64 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Learn Turkish language self-study (level one for beginners) : Learn to read, write, speak and understand Turkish by yourself, even if you are a beginner ... (Mastering Turkish: Step by Step) Book 1)

(45557)

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Antik Çağ Felsefecileri

MAIN

Levent Ağaoğlu

31/01/2024

Antik Çağ Felsefecileri
(Doğum/Faaliyet Yerleri ve Zamanı) [dtv-Atlas Philosophie, s. 28]https://twitter.com/Kaan_H_Okten/status/1146653970129178624/photo/1

By Bilge Tonyukuk Enstitüsü zaman: Temmuz 12, 2019

MY TRIP TO… ISTANBUL – Coloring Book for Kids Ages 3–5.: A Travel Activity Book for Preschoolers That Encourages Creativity and Learning

Black Sea: Dispatches and Recipes – Through Darkness and Light

(475230)

$16.74 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Mini Rough Guide to Istanbul and the Aegean Coast: Travel Guide with eBook

(46530)

Istanbul Travel and History Guide 2026–2027: Famous Landmarks, Historic Mosques & Palaces, Local Neighborhoods,Turkish Food and Traditions, Bosphorus Cruises, Things to Do, Day Trips, Simple Itinerar

$6.99 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

ISTANBUL TRAVEL GUIDE (TRAVELLING AND HIKING GUIDE BOOKS Book 31)

$3.00 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul: The Imperial City

(39582)

$12.99 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Easy Turkish Phrase Book for Travel: 1500+ Essential Phrases for Vacation, Restaurants, Hotels & Everyday Conversations in Turkey: The Ultimate Guide ... Local Slang & Essential Survival Phrases

(5051)

Insight Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook: 2026-2027 | Culture & Society | Must-See Sights | Stunning Photos | Expert Advice | Covers: Istanbul, Cappadocia, Ephesus and more

$20.06 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Crescent & Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

(455217)

$11.11 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Rough Guide to Turkey (Travel Guide with eBook) (Rough Guide Main Series)

(43576)

$16.09 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Lonely Planet The Mediterranean: Over 30 Mesmerising Cities & Islands | 15 Weekend Long Road Trip Itineraries | Tips on Where to Eat & What to See | Stunning Photography

(46525)

$23.73 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Essential Travel Guide to Turkiye: Iconic Sights, Authentic Food and Smart Travel Tips From A Local (Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya and Beyond)

(49518)

$17.99 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Ghost Train to the Eastern Star: On the Tracks of the Great Railway Bazaar

(4551009)

Shadow of the Silk Road: A 7,000-Mile Journey Through Central Asia―Trade, Religions, and Ideas from China to Turkey (P.S.)

(425665)

$1.85 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Crescent & Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

(455217)

Istanbul, City map 1:10.000, City Pocket map + The Big Five

(42515)

God's Battalions: A Study of the Crusades, Christian Warfare, and the Fight for the Holy Land

(4651023)

$10.55 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

DK Istanbul: Must-See Sights. Culture & History. Detailed Maps & Tours. Covers Sultanahmet, Beyoglu, & more (Travel Guide)

(5053)

$18.40 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Idiot: A Novel

(3855534)

$9.47 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Istanbul: City of Majesty at the Crossroads of the World

(465503)

$7.99 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Lütfen mavi başlıkların üzerine tıklayın, eser içeriklerine ulaşabilirsiniz.

https://baker.academia.edu/HBPaksoy

Düşüncelerin Kökenleri

H.B. Paksoy, D. Phil.
Florence:
Carrie/European University Institute
(2006)
Copyright © by H. B. Paksoy
Dusuncelerin Kokenleri
kitabinin butun yayin haklari,
Bern-Isvicre uluslararasi Copyright anlasmalari uyarinca,
H. B. Paksoy adina
ABD Kongre Kutuphanesi
Copyright kutugune kayitlidir.
Engin ve Faruk Paksoy’un
anilarina
yazarin saygilari ile.

Içindekiler

[Ilk yayinlandiklari yerler]
Önsöz
Noyan Turunç
KUTLUK VEREN BİLGİ VE 26 AĞUSTOS’A GİDEN YOL
[Ohio State Üniversitesinde, Türk Ögenci Birliğince düzenlenen
26-30 Ağustos 1922’yi anma toplantısına 26 Ağustos 2000
sunulmustur;
21 YÜZYILDA TÜRK DÜNYASI JEOPOLİTİĞİ Ümit ÖZDAG, Yaşar
KALAFAT, Mehmet Seyfettin EROL, Eds. (Ankara: Avrasya Stratejik
Arastirmalar Merkezi, 2003) Cilt 1]
“Alın Yazısı” mı, “Kişi seçimi” mi?
İnançlar ve Düşünce Özgürlügü
[CENTRUM VOOR ISLAM IN EUROPA, U Gent, Belcika, 2001]
Toplum olarak varılmak istenen sonuç nedir?
[CENTRUM VOOR ISLAM IN EUROPA, U Gent, Belcika, 2001; Turkistan
Newsletter, Mon, 11 Mar 2002. Pp. 1-5 ]
Keloglan ve Kurgu Bilim
[Isik Binyili, Augustos 2004. Pp.1-2]
ALPAMIŞ
[Turk Oykuleri Sandigi, Texas Tech University, 2002]
Tarih’in Degil, Tarihcinin Son’u
[Turkistan Newsletter, 1 February 2006]
Derin Sirket Ortakliklari: Baskaldirmalar ve Bagliliklar
[Turkistan Newsletter 24 January 2006]

TURK TARIHI, TOPLUMLARIN MAYASI, UYGARLIK

H.B. Paksoy
(Izmir: Mazhar Zorlu Holding, 1997)
ISBN 975-96079-0-5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

KITABIN YAZARI
1. ONSOZ
2. TURK TARIHI, TOPLUMLARIN MAYASI VE UYGARLIK
3. VAKIFLI TURK TARIHI KURSUSU ONERISI
4. TICARET, TARIH VE ULUSLARARASI YARISMA
5. DUSUNCE AKIMLARI, “YENI DUNYA DUZENI” VE GORUNTULERI
6. KIRIM TATARLARI
7. TURK DESTANLARI VE DEDE KORKUT[1]
8. BASVEKIL SUKRU SARACOGLU’NDAN ANILAR
9. TURK ORDUSUNDA MIZAH
10. TURKBILIMCI ABUBEKIR AHMEDCAN DIVAY
11. ORTA ASYA COGULCU YONETIM GUNDEMLERI
12. “BASMACI” ve 1916-1924 TURKISTAN BAGIMSIZLIK
13. PAN ADLI IKI KURGUSAL YARATIK: UYDURMA “BELGELERIN” TURKLER ZARARINA KULLANILMALARI [1]
14. INSAN INCIYI DENIZDEN CIKARMADIKCA, O ISTER INCI OLSUN — ISTER CAKILTASI, FARKETMEZ
15. DUSUNCE ISVERENI
16. MAYA, T.A.S.

After Happy Ever After: He thinks it's a normal holiday to Istanbul, she has other plans. (Adam's Adventures Book 4)

(435463)

$5.99 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Crescent & Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

(455217)

The Mini Rough Guide to Istanbul and the Aegean Coast: Travel Guide with eBook

(46530)

MY TRIP TO… ISTANBUL – Coloring Book for Kids Ages 3–5.: A Travel Activity Book for Preschoolers That Encourages Creativity and Learning

Istanbul: The Imperial City

(39582)

Easy Turkish Phrase Book for Travel: 1500+ Essential Phrases for Vacation, Restaurants, Hotels & Everyday Conversations in Turkey: The Ultimate Guide ... Local Slang & Essential Survival Phrases

(5051)

Wonders of Istanbul: A Photo Collection of the City’s Most Beautiful Places to See – A Stunning Coffee Table Travel Photobook

(5052)

Insight Guides Turkiye: Travel Guide with eBook: 2026-2027 | Culture & Society | Must-See Sights | Stunning Photos | Expert Advice | Covers: Istanbul, Cappadocia, Ephesus and more

DK Top 10 Istanbul: Top 10 lists for your perfect trip, plus an all-weather folded map (Pocket Travel Guide)

(43538)

$7.31 (as of 16/08/2026 02:11 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

The Essential Travel Guide to Turkiye: Iconic Sights, Authentic Food and Smart Travel Tips From A Local (Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya and Beyond)

(49518)

The Essential Travel Guide to Turkiye: Iconic Sights, Authentic Food and Smart Travel Tips From A Local (Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya and Beyond)

(49518)

Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports (Rick Steves Travel Guide)

(45568)

$19.08 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Shadow of the Silk Road: A 7,000-Mile Journey Through Central Asia―Trade, Religions, and Ideas from China to Turkey (P.S.)

(425665)

Istanbul: Memories and the City (Vintage International)

(415966)

Fodor's Essential Turkey (Full-color Travel Guide)

(40512)

The Turkish Cookbook

(475957)

$36.46 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

God's Battalions: A Study of the Crusades, Christian Warfare, and the Fight for the Holy Land

(4651023)

Black Sea: Dispatches and Recipes – Through Darkness and Light

(475230)

Crescent & Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds

(455217)

High Albania

(435266)

$0.99 (as of 16/08/2026 01:54 GMT +03:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)

Kaşgarlı Mahmut’ta BİLGİ

MAIN

Levent Ağaoğlu

31/01/2024

“Gok kubbede kalan ancak hos seda’dir” deyimi dogrudur. “Su ustune yazi yazmaya” esittir. Dusunceleri bekletmeden duzenli olarak kayitlamak geregi, surekli okumak; okunanlari anlamak ve anlatmak aliskanligi kadar onemlidir.

Neresinden bakilirsa bakilsin, deney ve dusunce yolu ile birikmis bilgiler kagida aktarilmaz, basilip yayinlanmaz ise, eninde sonunda kaybolup gider.

“Yeni Dunya’yi yeniden kesfetmek” gibi, yeni bastan degisik kisilerce durmadan “yaratilmalari” gerekir. Bu da, bir toplum icin, cok yuksek giderli bir kayiptan baska birsey degildir. Bu gorus’un incelenmesi, bu kitabin icindeki bildirilerde ele alinmaktadir.

Sozu edilen bildiriler 1982 ile 1992 yillari arasinda kagida dokulmus, bir bolumu de bu sure icinde Asya, Avrupa ve Amerika’da yayinlanmakta olan degisik dergilerde yer almistir. Daha once basilmis bildiriler, birbirlerini tamamlayici olmalari bakimindan ve icinde yayinlandiklari dergi ve kitaplarin tumunun her kitaplikta bulunmayabilecegi de goz onunde tutularak, bugun’e dek basilmamis olanlarla biraraya getirilmistir.

Bir toplum: bagimsiz, gudumsuz ve mutlu yasayabilmek icin “nereye gittigini” bilincli olarak gormeli ve anlamalidir. “Bir lokma, bir hirka” ve “Kisi kendinden soz etmemeli” deyimlerinin, yeryuzunun degisik yerlerinde yasayan Turk toplumlari icin gecerli oldugunu dusunmek guctur. Bir kisi icin, yalnizca yiyecek ve giyecek yeterli degildir. Toplumlar da yalnizca yiyecek ve giyecek ile yasamlarini surduremez. Diger butun varliklarina bilgi ve dusunce katmadan yasam surdurmeye kalkan toplumlar kisa surede tutsak edilir; varliklari ellerinden alinir; ortadan kaldirilirlar.

Bilgi, Kut verir. Toplum’u, yasam’in gerekleri ve yonu uzerinde dusunmeye alistirir. Gelecek icin gerekli goruslerin yaratilmasina yordam verir. Bundan dolayi, Balasagunlu Yusuf dusunce ve deneylerini toplayip Kutadgu Bilig adi ile yazmistir.[1] Bu yuzden (bir gorus’e gore), tarih sozcugu yerine “Kutveren” deyimini kullanmak gerekir.

Eger bir toplum kendi dusuncelerini diger toplumlara anlatmayacak olursa, bu sessizligi dolayisi ile dunya’da yanlis anlasilacagi ya da hic bilinmeyecegi acik bir gercektir. Bu yonden “sessizligi secen toplumun” dunya uzerinde var olup olmadigi da soz konusu olabilir.

“Savas ile kazandiklarimizi baris anlasmasi masasinda geri verdik” gibi bir dusunce, bir aralar (ozellikle 20ci yuzyil baslarinda) cok kullanilir olmus idi. Bu, “basasagi” bir gorustur. Tam tersine, savas diplomasinin bir uzantisidir. Bu gercek, uzun yuzyillar boyunca “bilen kisiler” ce gizli tutulmus ve gizlice kullanilmistir. Ancak, bu bilgi Ondokuzuncu yuzyil icinde Alman dusunur subay’i Von Clausewitz (1780-1831) ce bir kitap icinde toplum’a aktarildi; bilmek, ogrenmek ve kullanmak isteyenlere sunuldu.

“Butun bunlar politika’dir, ben politika ile ugrasmam” diyen kisilerin artmakta oldugu da gorulmekte. Bu gibi kisiler, bu tutumlari ile gundelik sorumluluklarindan kacmaktan baska bir is yapmis olmuyorlar. Bu kisilerin anlamaktan kacindiklari temel bir gercek var: “politika yapmadigini soylemek de bir politika’dir.” Dolayisi ile, bu kisiler “gizli” olarak politika yapmaktadirlar. Sessiz durup, is yapmamak da bir secimdir, “politika” dir. Bu tur “bulasmamak” dusuncesinde oldugunu one suren kisiler, ilerde baslarina gelecekleri bugunden kabul etmis; dolayisi ile yanip-yakilma haklarini bile kaybetmislerdir. “Cozum’e katkida bulunmayanlar, sorunlarin nedenlerine katilmis olurlar.”

Bu tutumlari daha iyi anlayabilmek icin, “politika” sozcugunun anlamina da bakilabilir: “anayasaya dayanan yasalar yolu ile yonetim.” Oz yonetimlerine katilmayanlarin, boylelikle kendi yonetimlerine katilmamak yolunu sectikleri de ortaya cikar. Boylelikle, kendi yonetimlerine katilmayanlar, oz yonetimlerini gelecekte bilinmeyen ellere ve dusunce akimlarina birakmaktadirlar. “Politika” nin, kisisel gudumlu yonetiminin (mutlakiyet’in) tam tersi oldugu gozden kacmamalidir.

Bir ulke icinde yer alan “politika” ile, uluslararasi alanda surdurulen “diplomasi” nin arasinda buyuk ayricalik yoktur. “Diplomasi: uluslararasi iliskileri konusma ve anlasma yolu ile bilincli yonetim yontemleri” dir. Dilmacliktir.

Onemli olan, bir ulus ya da (genis anlamda) toplum’un, komsulari ile birlikte bagimsiz, gudumsuz, mutlu yasamini surdurebilmesidir. Bagimsizlik, gudumsuzluk, ve mutluluk kendiliklerinden bir kisinin ya da toplumun basina gelemez. Toplum olarak ugrasi gerektirirler. Bu ugurda ara sira savas’a girmek te gerekebilir. Bir toplum, disaridan silahli baski ile yonlendirilmeye calisilmis olabilir. Savas, toplumca bilincli sonuclara yonlendirilebilmis ise, cogulcu ve anayasal yonetim’in bir uzantisi da olabilir. Dilmaclik ta, toplum’un bagimsiz ve gudumsuz yasamak dileginin uluslararasi konumda acikca anlatilmasi; bu istegin yerine getirilebilmesinin anlasmalar yolu ile saglanmasidr.

Butun bunlar da, bir toplumun kendini ozellikle ilgilendiren konulari once kendi icinde –yazili olarak– tartismasini gerektirir. Bir kisinin gorus’lerinin, toplum icinde destek bulup bulmamasi (gorus’un ilk orta’ya suruldugu an’da, ya da daha sonra) en onemli sorun degildir. 11ci yuzyilda yasamis ve ana dili Arapca olanlara Turkce ogretmek icin Turk Sozu (Divan Lugat at-Turk) kitabini yazmis olan Turk yazari Kasgarli Mahmut[2], bu konu’ya dokunan su sozleri ornek vermistir:

Alp arig yavritma
Ikilac arkasin yaritma.[3]

(Alp kisiyi gucsuz dusurecek is yapma
av’ini ardindan yaralama).

Onemli olan, bir toplumun icinde dusunce tartismasinin
yapici nitelikte ve acikca surup gitmesidir. Bu tartisma’nin
koksuz ve kaynaksiz olmamasi gerektigini Kasgarli Mahmut bir
dortluk ile dile getirir:

Erdi oza erenler
Erdem begi bilig tag
Aydi ukus ogutler
Konlum bolur anar sag.[4]

(Eski gunlerde erdemli kisiler daglar gibi erdemli sozler
soylemislerdi, ogutler vermislerdi. Onlari anmak yuregi
aklastirir).

Bu yoldan, bir toplum icin en yararli dusunceler toplumca secilecektir:

Erdem dile ogreniben bolma kuvaz
Erdemsizin ogunse anmaguda anar.[5]

(Bilgi’yi gurur ile tepme; ara ve ogren. Bilgisiz kisi erdemli oldugunu one surerse, sinandiginda ozur’u ortaya cikar).

Bilgi‘nin getirdikleri gerekler toplumca yururluge konacak, uygulamalarina gecilecektir:

Bilga erig adgu tutup sozin esit
Erdemni ogreniban iska sur-a.[6]

(Bilge kisi’yi onurlandir, sozune kulak ver; ozelliklerini
ve tutumunu ogren, ogrendiklerini uygulamaya koy).

Her kisi’nin sozleri, bilge sozleri degildir:

Bulqak ukus bolsa kacan bilgin yiter
Yansaq talim sayrap ani tamgak katar.[7]

(Toplum icinde bozucular olursa, aklin dogru yoldan sasar; bos soz olan yerde, agiz kurumasinda ote’ye is olmaz).

Bu tur kisiler, toplumca da gorulur, ayirdedilir:

Yilan kendu egrisin bilmez
Deve boynun egri der.[8]

Toplum’a, kendi islerini surekli olarak ele almayip
sonuclandirmadikca, durup dinlenmek yarasmaz:

Tagur mening savimmi bilgalaka ay
Tinur kali atitsa kisrak sani tay.[9]

(Sozumu yinele, bilgelere soyle: kisrak, ancak kendi tay’i yetiskin atlar arasina karistiginda dinlenebilir).

Kasgarli Mahmut’un ogutleri ve uyarilari yalniz bir kusak icin deil, gelecek butun kusaklar icin gecerlidir:

Oglum ogut algil
Bilgisizlik kiter
Talqan kimning bolsa
Anar bakmas kiter.[10]

(Oglum, ogudumu dinle, bilgisizlikten kurtul; as’i olan o’na pekmez katar; buna benzer, akilli olan, ogut dinler ve zenginlestirir).

Bu orneklerde de goruldugu gibi, Turk tarihinin en onemli kaynaklarindan biri olan Turk Sozu (DLT) kitabinin okunmasi gerekli olanlar arasinda gormek gerekir. Soylediklerini toplumuna aktarmak icin durmadan yinelemek zorunda kalan her dusunur gibi, Kasgarli Mahmut’un da belki bir ara sabri tasmistir. Bir soz’e ornek verirken, aciklamasini asagidaki dortluk ile yapmistir:

Opkem kelip ugradim
Arslanlayu Kukredim
Alplar basin togradim
Imdi meni kim tutar?[11]

(Ofkem geldi basima vurdu, arslan gibi kukredim; Yigitlerin basini dogradim, simdi beni kim tutar?).

EK: Bu bilgisayarli yayin dizesinde, 16ci sirada yer alan “MAYA, T.A.S.” bildirisi [Rotary Dergisi (Izmir) Eylul-Ekim, 1995] bu kitabin basili duzeni iceriginde degildir. Ancak, yazi’nin sunus’unda da belirtilen nedenlerle, buraya alinmasinin uygun olacagi dusundum.

KAYNAKLAR:

 [1] Asagidaki yazilarda kaynak olarak kullanilmis, atif yapilmis ve basim yerleri gosterilmistir.

 [2] Kasgarli Mahmut, Diwan Lugat at-Turk (DLT) kitabinin yazaridir. Kasgarli Mahmut’un yasami ile ilgili en yeni arastirma icin, bak: Kahar Barat, “Discovery of History: The Burial Site of Kashgarli Mahmut,” H. B. Paksoy, Editor, Central Asia Reader: Rediscovery of History (New York, 1994); Cf. AACAR Bulletin (of the Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research) Vol. II, No. 3 (Fall 1989).

 DLT un bilinen tek el yazmasi Istanbul Millet Kutuphanesi (Ali Emiri, Arabi), No. 4189 da kayitlidir. Diwan Lugat at- Turk’un ilk kez 1917 yilinda Istanbul’da bulunmasi ve ilgili olaylar icin, bak M. Sakir Ulkutasir, Kasgarli Mahmut (Istanbul, 1946). DLT un ilk basim’i Istanbul’da, 1917-1919 yillari arasinda Kilisli Rifat [Bilge] tarafindan yapilmistir. Ilk TC yayini: B. Atalay, Divanu Lugat-it-Turk (Ankara, 1939-1941). Ilk Ingilizce cevirisi: R. Dankoff with J. Kelly, Compendium of Turkic Dialects (Cambridge: Mass, 1982-1985).

 [3] DLT Sayfa 82.

 [4] DLT, Sayfa 56.

 [5] DLT, Sayfa 130.

 [6] DLT, Sayfa 216.

 [7] DLT, Sayfa 235.

 [8] DLT, Sayfa 75.

 [9] DLT, Sayfa 112.

 [10] DLT, Sayfa 221.

 [11] DLT, Sayfa 74.

KAYNAK: Hasan B.Paksoy Turk Tarihi, Toplumlarin Mayasi, Uygarlik